The 3′‐terminal untranslated region of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 4 facilitates the RNA entry into translation in a cell‐free system

Ryabova, Lyubov A.; Torgashov, Aleksey F.; Kurnasov, Oleg V.; Bubunenko, Michail G.; Spirin, Alexander S.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81804-9

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Examination of coat protein mRNA translation in vitro and in vivo revealed this mRNA to be efficiently translated even in the presence of large quantities of a cellular mRNA competitor. A functional role for the 3Ј UTR in coat protein mRNA translation was demonstrated by conducting similar experiments with mutant mRNAs lacking the 3Ј UTR; loss of the 3Ј UTR consistently reduced the efficiency of coat protein synthesis without altering mRNA stability (177,399). Interestingly, it was found that the 3Ј UTR was required for assembly of the coat protein mRNA into polyribosome complexes, indicating that the 3Ј UTR was an important determinant for ribosome binding (177).…”

Section: Vol 64 2000 Viral Gene Expression In Eukaryotes 251mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…How, then, do AMV mRNAs adequately compete for available translation factors? Early evidence suggested that the 3Ј UTR of the AMV coat protein played a stimulatory role in mediating coat protein synthesis (399,496). Examination of coat protein mRNA translation in vitro and in vivo revealed this mRNA to be efficiently translated even in the presence of large quantities of a cellular mRNA competitor.…”

Section: Vol 64 2000 Viral Gene Expression In Eukaryotes 251mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Translational Control of Viral Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Gale

Tan

Katze

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

298

255

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SUMMARY As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely exclusively on the translational machinery of the host cell for the synthesis of viral proteins. This relationship has imposed numerous challenges on both the infecting virus and the host cell. Importantly, viruses must compete with the endogenous transcripts of the host cell for the translation of viral mRNA. Eukaryotic viruses have thus evolved diverse mechanisms to ensure translational efficiency of viral mRNA above and beyond that of cellular mRNA. Mechanisms that facilitate the efficient and selective translation of viral mRNA may be inherent in the structure of the viral nucleic acid itself and can involve the recruitment and/or modification of specific host factors. These processes serve to redirect the translation apparatus to favor viral transcripts, and they often come at the expense of the host cell. Accordingly, eukaryotic cells have developed antiviral countermeasures to target the translational machinery and disrupt protein synthesis during the course of virus infection. Not to be outdone, many viruses have answered these countermeasures with their own mechanisms to disrupt cellular antiviral pathways, thereby ensuring the uncompromised translation of virion proteins. Here we review the varied and complex translational programs employed by eukaryotic viruses. We discuss how these translational strategies have been incorporated into the virus life cycle and examine how such programming contributes to the pathogenesis of the host cell.

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Section: Vol 64 2000 Viral Gene Expression In Eukaryotes 251mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Vol 64 2000 Viral Gene Expression In Eukaryotes 251mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Control of Viral Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Gale

Tan

Katze

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

298

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, a pseudoknot domain in the tobacco mosaic virus RNA 3Ј UTR may substitute for a poly(A) tail (14,17). In the case of AMV, Loesch-Fries et al reported that only diminished levels of coat protein were detected in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with AMV CP RNA lacking the 3Ј UTR (50); moreover, in vitro translation experiments with fractionated wheat germ extracts suggested that the AMV CP RNA 3Ј UTR contributes to translational efficiency (64). These results suggested that the AMV CP RNA 3Ј UTR plays an important role in regulating CP RNA translation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Competitive Translation Determinant in the 3′ Untranslated Region of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Coat Protein mRNA

Hann

Webb

Cai

et al. 1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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We report that the competitive translational activity of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein mRNA (CP RNA), a nonadenylated mRNA, is determined in part by the 3 untranslated region (UTR). Competitive translation was characterized both in vitro, with cotranslation assays, and in vivo, with microinjected Xenopus laevis oocytes. In wheat germ extracts, coat protein synthesis was constant when a fixed amount of full-length CP RNA was cotranslated with increasing concentrations of competitor globin mRNA. However, translation of CP RNA lacking the 3 UTR decreased significantly under competitive conditions. RNA stabilities were equivalent. In X. laevis oocytes, which are translationally saturated and are an inherently competitive translational environment, full-length CP RNA assembled into large polysomes and coat protein synthesis was readily detectable. Alternatively, CP RNA lacking the 3 UTR sedimented as small polysomes, and little coat protein was detected. Again, RNA stabilities were equivalent. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to localize RNA sequences or structures required for competitive translation. Since the CP RNA 3 UTR has an unusually large number of AUG nucleotide triplets, two AUG-containing sites were altered in full-length RNA prior to oocyte injections. Nucleotide substitutions at the sequence GAUG, 20 nucleotides downstream of the coat protein termination codon, specifically reduced full-length CP RNA translation, while similar substitutions at the next AUG triplet had little effect on translation. The competitive influence of the 3 UTR could be explained by RNA-protein interactions that affect translation initiation or by ribosome reinitiation at downstream AUG codons, which would increase the number of ribosomes committed to coat protein synthesis.

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“…The 3'-UTRs of several plant viral mRNAs were shown to increase their translational efficiency which was not correlated with the ability of 3'-UTR to stabilize and increase the half-life of mRNA molecules [2,8,11,23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%