The 3' sequences required for incorporation of an engineered ssRNA into the Reovirus genome

Roner, Michael R.; Roehr, Joanne L.

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-3-1

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, 11 tRNA genes were identified in the SH7 genome with the following specificities: Arg (UCU), His (GUG), Asn (GUU), Tyr (GUA), Met (CAU), Thr (UGU), Ser (UGA), Pro (UGG), Gly (UCC), Leu (UAA) and Gln (UUG). The number of tRNAs varies considerably among the genomes of phages of the T4virus genus21. The tRNAs are not essential but are presumably required to ensure optimum progeny size40.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have extended host ranges, mostly due to their unique ability to recognize various host receptors (outer membrane protein or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) using the same tail fiber protein (gp37 T4 )19. Members of this genus have high genetic identity and the modest differences observed are related to their adaptation to novel host constraints2021. For example, coliphages T4 and AR1 share a highly conserved core genome but have distinct host ranges22.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting Enterobacteriaceae

Hamdi

Rousseau²,

Labrie³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

111

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Bacteriophages display remarkable genetic diversity and host specificity. In this study, we explore phages infecting bacterial strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family because of their ability to infect related but distinct hosts. We isolated and characterized two novel virulent phages, SH6 and SH7, using a strain of Shigella flexneri as host bacterium. Morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage SH6 belongs to the T1virus genus of the Siphoviridae family. Conversely, phage SH7 was classified in the T4virus genus of the Myoviridae family. Phage SH6 had a short latent period of 16 min and a burst size of 103 ± 16 PFU/infected cell while the phage SH7 latent period was 23 min with a much lower burst size of 26 ± 5 PFU/infected cell. Moreover, phage SH6 was sensitive to acidic conditions (pH < 5) while phage SH7 was stable from pH 3 to 11 for 1 hour. Of the 35 bacterial strains tested, SH6 infected its S. flexneri host strain and 8 strains of E. coli. Phage SH7 lysed additionally strains of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Paratyphi, and Shigella dysenteriae. The broader host ranges of these two phages as well as their microbiological properties suggest that they may be useful for controlling bacterial populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting Enterobacteriaceae

Hamdi

Rousseau²,

Labrie³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both FFWO and entry into Vero cells occur at the plasma membrane, require an appropriate gD receptor, and are blocked by neutralizing antibodies. A subset of syncytial strains of HSV-1, including the ANG path strain, have FFWO activity (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The HSV-1 ANG path strain is inactivated by mildly acidic pH in a manner similar to the non-FFWO HSV-1 strain KOS (20).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mildly Acidic pH Triggers an Irreversible Conformational Change in the Fusion Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein B and Inactivation of Viral Entry

Weed

Pritchard

Gonzalez

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into a subset of cells requires endocytosis and endosomal low pH. Preexposure of isolated virions to mildly acidic pH of 5 to 6 partially inactivates HSV infectivity in an irreversible manner. Acid inactivation is a hallmark of viruses that enter via low-pH pathways; this occurs by pretriggering conformational changes essential for fusion. The target and mechanism(s) of low-pH inactivation of HSV are unclear. Here, low-pH-treated HSV-1 was defective in fusion activity and yet retained normal levels of attachment to cell surface heparan sulfate and binding to nectin-1 receptor. Low-pH-triggered conformational changes in gB reported to date are reversible, despite irreversible low-pH inactivation. gB conformational changes and their reversibility were measured by antigenic analysis with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and by detecting changes in oligomeric conformation. Three-hour treatment of HSV-1 virions with pH 5 or multiple sequential treatments at pH 5 followed by neutral pH caused an irreversible Ͼ2.5 log infectivity reduction. While changes in several gB antigenic sites were reversible, alteration of the H126 epitope was irreversible. gB oligomeric conformational change remained reversible under all conditions tested. Altogether, our results reveal that oligomeric alterations and fusion domain changes represent distinct conformational changes in gB, and the latter correlates with irreversible low-pH inactivation of HSV. We propose that conformational change in the gB fusion domain is important for activation of membrane fusion during viral entry and that in the absence of a host target membrane, this change results in irreversible inactivation of virions.IMPORTANCE HSV-1 is an important pathogen with a high seroprevalence throughout the human population. HSV infects cells via multiple pathways, including a low-pH route into epithelial cells, the primary portal into the host. HSV is inactivated by low-pH preexposure, and gB, a class III fusion protein, undergoes reversible conformational changes in response to low-pH exposure. Here, we show that low-pH inactivation of HSV is irreversible and due to a defect in virion fusion activity. We identified an irreversible change in the fusion domain of gB following multiple sequential low-pH exposures or following prolonged low-pH treatment. This change appears to be separable from the alteration in gB quaternary structure. Together, the results are consistent with a model by which low pH can have an activating or inactivating effect on HSV depending on the presence of a target membrane.KEYWORDS conformational changes, glycoprotein B, herpes simplex viruses, herpesviruses, inactivation, low pH, membrane fusion

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“…This indicates that these regions contain all the cis-acting sequences needed to regulate packaging, genome replication and transcription of the segment. The importance of the terminal regions has been verified experimentally in the Orbivirus, Orthoreovirus and Rotavirus genera of the Reoviridae using reverse genetics, with terminal regions as short as 96 nt identified as sufficient to permit the recovery of the segment in a replicating virus (Boyce & McCrae, 2015;Boyce et al, 2012;Burkhardt et al, 2014;Matsuo & Roy, 2009;Roner & Joklik, 2001;Roner & Roehr, 2006;Roner & Steele, 2007a, b;Roner et al, 2004;Troupin et al, 2011). Based on these results the generation of a set of possible base pairings between segments was repeated with both the source of the 6 nt search terms and the target for the searches confined to the 150 nt at the ends of each segment.…”

Section: Identification Of Potentially Functional Inter-segment Complmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-segment complementarity in orbiviruses: a driver for co-ordinated genome packaging in the Reoviridae?

Boyce

McCrae

Boyce

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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The process by which eukaryotic viruses with segmented genomes select a complete set of genome segments for packaging into progeny virus particles is not understood. In this study a model based on the association of genome segments through specific RNA-RNA interactions driven by base pairing was formalized and tested in the Orbivirus genus of the Reoviridae family. A strategy combining screening of the genomic sequences for inter-segment complementarity with direct functional testing of inter-segment RNA-RNA interactions using reverse genetics is described in the type species of the Orbivirus genus, Bluetongue virus (BTV). Two examples, involving four of the ten BTV genomic segments, of specific intersegment interaction motifs whose maintenance is essential for the generation of infectious virus, were identified. Equivalent inter-segment complementarities were found between the identified regions of the orthologous genome segments of all orbiviruses, including phylogenetically distant species. Specific interaction of the participating RNA segments was confirmed in vitro using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, with the interactions inhibited using oligonucleotides complementary to the interaction motif of one of the interacting partners, and also through mutagenesis of the motifs. In each example, the base pairing rather than the absolute sequence was critical to the formation of a functional inter-segment interaction, with mutations only being tolerated in rescued virus if compensating changes were made in the interacting partner to restore uninterrupted base pairing. The absolute sequence of the complementarity motifs varied between species, indicating that this newly identified phenomenon may contribute to the observed lack of reassortment between Orbivirus species.

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The 3' sequences required for incorporation of an engineered ssRNA into the Reovirus genome

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting Enterobacteriaceae

Characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting Enterobacteriaceae

Mildly Acidic pH Triggers an Irreversible Conformational Change in the Fusion Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein B and Inactivation of Viral Entry

Inter-segment complementarity in orbiviruses: a driver for co-ordinated genome packaging in the Reoviridae?

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