The 2nd to 4th digit ratios (2D:4D) in patients with bipolar disorder

Tegin, Cuneyt; Canan, Fatih; El‐Mallakh, Rif S.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.011

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…26 Individuals with bipolar disorder showed higher 2D:4D ratio in the right hand compared to the healthy individuals. 27 In this study, we did not find relation of the digit ratio with each of depression and hopelessness scores in the women; however, the data indicated the association of 2D:4D ratio of the right hand with the severity of depression when accompanied by hopelessness. Whereas there is no any report on hopelessness, a body of studies explored the relationship between depression and 2D:4D, though the findings were indecisive.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Association of Digit Ratio With Depression and Hopelessness in Females

Aliabadi

Zendehboodi

2021

Int J Basic Sci Med

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Introduction: Depression is regarded as the main cause of individual’s incapacity. One of the component of depression is hopelessness. This study was planned to examine if the digit ratio associates with depression and hopelessness status in the Iranian women. Methods: This cross-sectional study sample included 358 women aged between 20 to 32 years old. The palm side of both hands of individuals was photographed and then the length of index and ring fingers was measured by ImageJ. The Beck’s depression inventory II and Beck’s hopelessness scale (BHS) were used to measure the levels of depression and hopelessness respectively. ANOVA and Student’s t test was applied to compare the study groups in respect to the continuous data. Results: The results showed that the means of 2D:4D ratio of neither right nor left hands were significantly different between the depression study groups. The same insignificant results were derived with hopelessness status too. However, reanalyzing the data, while combination of depression and hopelessness was considered, showed a significantly lower digit ratio of the right hand in the women whit neither depression nor hopelessness (group 1) compared to the women with moderate/severe depression while holding a degree of hopelessness (group 2) (ratio mean for group 1: 0.978 ± 0.003 and for group 2: 0.992 ± 0.005; t = -2.417, P = 0.017). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the 2D:4D ratio of the right hand in the women associates with the severity of depression when accompanied by hopelessness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Association of Digit Ratio With Depression and Hopelessness in Females

Aliabadi

Zendehboodi

2021

Int J Basic Sci Med

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“…In the literature, to the best of our knowledge, only one previous study has investigated this relation; in line with our findings, those authors found a higher right-hand 2D:4D ratio in the bipolar disorder group. 16 In addition, in our study, we also demonstrated that men with bipolar disorder have higher right-and left-hand 2D:4D ratios than healthy control men. Conversely, in women there was no such difference in either the right or the left hand.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…[11][12][13][14][15] To our knowledge, only one study has investigated the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and bipolar disorder: Tegin et al found a higher right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio in patients with the disorder compared to controls, and found that bipolar disorder diagnosis status was predicted by right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio and complete impulsivity scores. 16 Within this context, the purpose of this study is to compare the 2D:4D digit ratio in patients with bipolar disorder vs. healthy controls and ascertain its potential utility as a biological marker in this disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of second to fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D) in patients with bipolar disorder

Kılıç

Işık

Demirdaş

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: The etiology of bipolar disorder has yet to be fully elucidated, but differences in sex hormones have been suggested to play a role in its pathogenesis. An easily assessed marker of prenatal androgen exposure is the second-to-fourth-digit ratio (2D:4D) of the hand. In this study, we aimed to compare the 2D:4D ratio of patients with bipolar disorder to that of healthy controls. Methods: Seventy patients with bipolar disorder and 70 healthy controls, matched for age and sex, were included in the study. Finger lengths were measured from the palmar digital crease to the tip using a digital vernier caliper. Results: Patients with bipolar disorder had considerably higher right-hand 2D:4D ratios compared to controls. Both the right and left 2D:4D ratios of male patients were significantly greater than those of males in the control group. Female patients showed no differences in right or left 2D:4D ratio compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a high 2D:4D digit ratio of right hand is associated with the presence of bipolar disorder in males. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to explain the validity of this marker and its relationship with bipolar disorder.

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“…In the present study, a weak negative correlation was found between the right 2D:4D ratio and BMI, but we did not found an association between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI groups. Tegin et al reported that there was no direct association between impulsivity scores and digit ratio, while the right digit ratio was lower in control group compared to the bipolar patients 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Therefore, there was a significant negative correlation between the 2D: 4D ratio and sportive performance and handgrip strength (HGS), which is a proxy for overall strength capacity 7,8 . In literature, a lower 2D:4D ratio (masculinized digit ratio) was repoted to be related to higher cardiovascular capacity, physical performance, and aggression, and also personal traits such as better arithmetic, spatial, and visual skills, whereas the increased risk of obesity, cardiometabolic disease, cognitive disorders was mostly attributed to higher 2D:4D ratio (feminized digit ratio) 3,9,10,11,12,13 . HGS is the maximum static force that emerges from all fingers' voluntary and strong flexion 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%