The 2D microfluidics cookbook – modeling convection and diffusion in plane flow devices

Boulais, Étienne; Gervais, Thomas

doi:10.1039/d2lc01033j

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Evidently, the current model is still in a preliminary phase since numerous assumptions were made for closure, including the reduction of the 3‐D problem to 2‐D space, sharing of same viscosity between cell and cell‐encapsulating fluid, treatment of the cell as a homogeneous structure, and simplification of viscoelastic behavior of cell with linear elastic model. Additionally, the current 2‐D simulations show a good match to the experiment data as the experiment involved flow in a microfluidic chip, which is reasonably modelled by 2‐D profiles, 43 and the images were taken at the center plane. However, the agreement may deteriorate if the experiment data were examined in another focal plane, so a 3‐D representation of the flow is a necessary extension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

A coupled SPH‐EBG numerical model for deformations of MCF7 cancer cell in a microchannel flow

Lee

Chan

2023

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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SummaryProperties of a cell can determine its deformations, which can aggravate cancer metastasis. In laboratory, microfluidic technology has been adopted to study cell deformations. However, quantifying the effects of cell deformations has remained difficult. To this end, this paper presents a two‐dimensional particle‐based model that can capture flow‐induced cell deformations in a microchannel. The numerical model is validated with an experimental dataset for MCF7 cell. The simulations show that cell deformations are dominantly attributed to flow acceleration. Stress analyses, conducted by inputting the simulated cell deformations as boundary conditions, show that the maximum normal stresses correspond well to high deformations. Shear stress is in general proportional to the cell's distance from a wall. The simulations also suggest a deformed cell shape that apparently may reduce the average normal stresses. This study highlights the potential of the numerical model to relate the measurable cell deformations to the more elusive cell properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

A coupled SPH‐EBG numerical model for deformations of MCF7 cancer cell in a microchannel flow

Lee

Chan

2023

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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“…Gu Y et al have shown that for a microfluidic device with height <200 μm, there was minimum impact of convective flows in the channel . Boulais and Gervais have highlighted different devices and models and discussed the importance of chamber height and geometry . Koo and Kleinstreuer have described the impact of channel entrance and height, wall slip, and surface roughness factors on fluid flows in microchannels .…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Boulais and Gervais have highlighted different devices and models and discussed the importance of chamber height and geometry. 47 Koo and Kleinstreuer have described the impact of channel entrance and height, wall slip, and surface roughness factors on fluid flows in microchannels. 48 Beta et al have worked on understanding the impact of flow effects on cell/cell-like objects in microfluidic channels.…”

Section: Effect Of Presoaking and Spatiotemporal Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Cautionary Perspective on Hydrogel-Induced Concentration Gradient Generation for Studying Chemotaxis

Sapre,

Bhattacharyya,

Sen

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The achievement of consistent and static chemical gradients is critically important in the study of diffusion and chemotaxis at the microand nanoscales. In this context, a number of groups have reported on hydrogel-based systems for generating concentration gradients. Here, we analyze the behavior of agarose and gelatin-based hydrogels in hybridization chambers of different heights. Our focus is on the issues that are caused by the presence of robust bulk fluid flows in such systems due to the solutes present in the hydrogel and/or the surrounding fluid. We describe the key insights derived from these experiments, offering practical guidelines for establishing gradients using hydrogel-based systems and make the community aware of different variables that can make the experiments nonreproducible and prone to misinterpretations.

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“…Diffusion‐limited regions are experimentally observed in multipolar devices (Goyette et al., 2019; Qasaimeh et al., 2011), and have been harnessed to generate tunable linear concentration gradients (Qasaimeh et al., 2011). In addition to improving our understanding of mass transfers between choriocapillaris and outer retina, the mathematical framework that we laid out in this study may therefore be used to inform the design of multipolar microfluidic systems, with applications ranging from the study of cell chemotaxis, single‐cell analyses (Boulais & Gervais, 2023), and groundwater, hydrocarbon and geothermal heat recovery (Koplik et al., 1994; Kurowski et al., 1994; Zhang & Koplik, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vascular geometry of the choriocapillaris is associated with spatially heterogeneous molecular exchange with the outer retina

Faust,

Klettner,

Toso

et al. 2024

The Journal of Physiology

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Vision relies on the continuous exchange of material between the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris, a dense microvascular bed located underneath the outer retina. The anatomy and physiology of the choriocapillaris and their association with retinal homeostasis have proven difficult to characterize, mainly because of the unusual geometry of this vascular bed. By analysing tissue dissected from 81 human eyes, we show that the thickness of the choriocapillaris does not vary significantly over large portions of the macula or with age. Assessments of spatial variations in the anatomy of the choriocapillaris in three additional human eyes indicate that the location of arteriolar and venular vessels connected to the plane of the choriocapillaris is non‐random, and that venular insertions cluster around arteriolar ones. Mathematical models built upon these anatomical analyses reveal that the choriocapillaris contains regions where the transport of passive elements is dominated by diffusion, and that these diffusion‐limited regions represent areas of reduced exchange with the outer retina. The width of diffusion‐limited regions is determined by arterial flow rate and the relative arrangement of arteriolar and venular insertions. These analyses demonstrate that the apparent complexity of the choriocapillaris conceals a fine balance between several anatomical and functional parameters to effectively support homeostasis of the outer retina. imageKey points The choriocapillaris is the capillary bed supporting the metabolism of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium, two critical components of the visual system located in the outer part of the retina. The choriocapillaris has evolved a planar multipolar vascular geometry that differs markedly from the branched topology of most vasculatures in the human body. Here, we report that this planar multipolar vascular geometry is associated with spatially heterogenous molecular exchange between choriocapillaris and outer retina. Our data and analyses highlight a necessary balance between choriocapillaris anatomical and functional parameters to effectively support homeostasis of the outer retina.

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The 2D microfluidics cookbook – modeling convection and diffusion in plane flow devices

Abstract: A growing number of microfluidic systems operate not through networks of microchannels but instead using 2D flow fields. While the design rules for channel networks are already well-known and exposed...

Cited by 3 publications

References 128 publications

A coupled SPH‐EBG numerical model for deformations of MCF7 cancer cell in a microchannel flow

A coupled SPH‐EBG numerical model for deformations of MCF7 cancer cell in a microchannel flow

A Cautionary Perspective on Hydrogel-Induced Concentration Gradient Generation for Studying Chemotaxis

The vascular geometry of the choriocapillaris is associated with spatially heterogeneous molecular exchange with the outer retina

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