The 24 Principles of Green Engineering and Green Chemistry: “IMPROVEMENTS PRODUCTIVELY”

Biogenic Nano-Synthesis; towards the Efficient Production of the Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles

“…The competence of the pear extract to facilitate the functional reduction of gold ions under aqueous condi- Binding energy (V) tions satisfies the fundamental principles of green chemistry as shown previously. 17,18,20,21 It has been reported that the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using geranium extract required more time to initiate and was complete in 48 h. 22 Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using bacteria, [23][24][25][26] and fungi, 27 has been reported, and the time required for completion of the reaction ranged from 24 to 120 h. Intracellular synthesis, prolonged synthesis, multiple purification steps and the maintenance of cell cultures are the drawbacks of microbial procedures. 7 A simple, efficient, green approach to the production of biocompatible gold nanoparticles using coffee, tea and soybeans has also been described.…”

Development of microwave chemistry through a co-operation between a university and an equipment manufacturer

“…A further mnemonic key word, also derived by Tang et al [27] , is " Improvements " . This refl ects a companion set of green engineering principles, cf.…”

Green chemistry: state of the art through an analysis of the literature

“…The overview compares what is expected from green chemistry on one hand, and in which way chemists answer this expectation, on the other one. As for the first issue, the principles by Anastas and Warner (3Á5), which have been variously rephrased (6), express the main challenge in sustainable chemistry (and chemical engineering). These urge chemists to use alternative feedstocks, to avoid hazardous reagents or products and to minimize waste.…”