The 22nd Chromatography Component of the Fasciola gigantica Excretory-Secretory Products Decreased the Proliferation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffalo

Abstract

The 22nd chromatography component (F22) of the Fasciola gigantica excretory-secretory products (FgESP) shows better diagnostic value than the FgESP, and diagnostic methods based on F22 have also been established. Thus, exploring its immunomodulatory function and potential as a molecular vaccine candidate is attractive. In the present study, the effect of F22 on the mitogen-induced proliferation of buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the innate immune response was preliminarily studied using the FgESP as a control. PBMCs were incubated with concanavalin A (ConA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at optimal (1 µg/well) or suboptimal (0.25 µg/well) doses coupled with FgESP and F22 at different doses (1–16 µg/well). Cell proliferation was then assessed by microenzyme reaction colorimetry (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay). In addition, the components of F22 were also explored by mass spectrometry and then subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to infer their functions. The results indicated that FgESP decreased the proliferation of PBMCs stimulated with ConA and PHA at specific doses, whereas F22 significantly decreased the proliferation of PBMCs stimulated with ConA and PHA at both optimal and suboptimal doses (p < 0.05). Two hundred and sixteen proteins were identified in F22, and these included 86 proteins that could be assigned to more than one pathway and some with robust immunomodulatory ability. Further studies should be performed to investigate the immunomodulatory function of F22 in the adaptive immune response, and the components of F22 can be further studied as potential vaccine candidate molecules.

One-health approach on the future application of snails: a focus on snail-transmitted parasitic diseases

“…Direct shedding and microscopy are the traditional techniques used for the detection/identification of parasites in snails, where the snail tissues and their shedding materials are examined under a microscope to visualize the parasites (Joof et al 2020 ). Serology-based techniques, for example, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic assays (ICA), can be sensitive and specific for detecting parasitic antigens in snail tissues or body fluids (Yuan et al 2023 ). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were found to be more sensitive than the conventional shedding techniques for the detection of infection of S. mansoni in the Biomphalaria species of snails (Joof et al 2020 ).…”