The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake: A Supershear Rupture Event Constrained by InSAR and Broadband Regional Seismograms

Fang, Jin; Xu, Caijun; Wen, Yangmao; Wang, Shuai; Xu, Guangyu; Zhao, Yingwen; Yi, Lei

doi:10.3390/rs11111330

Cited by 54 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This value was subsequently modified to assess its effect on the calculated ΔCFS. Previous studies reported the 2018 Palu Mw 7.5 earthquake fault parameters using seismic wave, GPS, and INSAR data inversions (Bao et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2019;Socquet et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Ulrich et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019aWang et al, , 2019bCevikbilen et al, 2019;USGS). The employed fault-plane segments, fault geometries, and slip distributions differed due to inversion differences in the modelling techniques and data sets.…”

Section: S2 Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have revealed the fault rupture process of the 2018 Palu Mw 7.5 earthquake using seismic wave, GPS, and InSAR data inversions (Bao et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2019;Socquet et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Ulrich et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019aWang et al, , 2019bCevikbilen et al, 2019;USGS). The present study used the fault slip model developed by Song (2019) as it exhibited a geometrical simplicity and comparable slip distribution as compared to the other models (Bao et al, 2019;Socquet et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019).…”

Section: S1 Historical Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rectangular planar patches with uniform slips define the early earthquake fault planes, since well-constrained co-seismic dislocation distributions are not available. The down-dip length of the earthquake planes on the Palu-Koro fault and Minahassa thrust refers to the fault planes of the 2018 Palu earthquake and Jan 1st 1996 earthquake, respectively (Gomez et al, 2000;Fang et al, 2019). The along-strike length of the earthquake planes and slip magnitude were inferred by estimating the rupture areas based on the empirical scaling laws and relationships defined by Wells and Coppersmith (1994).…”

Section: S1 Historical Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the first year of the shock, many researchers explored the earthquake rupture process through geodetic and seismic data inversion. The earthquake rupture is highly suspected to present predominantly unilateral southward propagation (Bao et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2019;Socquet et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Ulrich et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Cevikbilen et al, 2019;USGS). The along strike rupture on the Palu-Koro fault propagated southward for about 130 km to 140 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Palu-Koro fault extends around 460 km N-S from the west of Minahassa trench to the north of Matano fault. The 2018 Palu earthquake only ruptured the central part (about 160 km) of the Palu-Koro fault (Bao et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2019;Socquet et al, 2019;Song et al, 2019;Ulrich et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2019;Cevikbilen et al, 2019;USGS). Two seismic gaps were left to the north offshore and the south on shore of the Palu-Koro fault with the length of about 180 km and 120 km, respectively (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress partition on the Palu-Koro fault controlling the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards

Liu¹,

Shi²

2020

Preprint

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The Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake struck the Palu-Koro fault on September 28, 2018 in the Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Previous studies suggested that the predominantly unilateral southward rupture of this earthquake unzipped the central part of the Palu-Koro fault. Two seismic gaps were left to the north and south ends of the Palu-Koro fault. To date, the cause for earthquake generation has yet to be investigated. As a result, the reasons behind the earthquake rupture's southward unilateral propagation and termination remain unclear. The hazards of the two seismic gaps at the north and south ends of the Palu-Koro fault have yet to be explored. As such, the present study calculated the Coulomb stress change that was induced by historical large earthquakes within the target region. The stress partition and evolution on the Palu-Koro fault were examined before and after the 2018 Palu earthquake. We found that the 1996 earthquake (Mw = 7.9) on the Minahassa thrust triggered the 2018 Palu earthquake by promoting stress at the epicenter of the 2018 earthquake. The stress shadow close to the north of the epicenter of the earthquake acted as a stress barrier by preventing the earthquake northward rupture. However, the southward earthquake propagation was terminated by the stress shadow to the south of the rupture. These stress shadows were caused by the historical earthquakes on the Palu-Koro fault. Stress promotions in the two seismic gaps of the Palu-Koro fault produced by 2018 Palu earthquake have resulted in increased seismic and tsunami hazards, calling close attention to hazard prevention in central Sulawesi. Our results are important for understanding the stress migration and the induced seismic activity in the thrust and strike-slip faults system globally.

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Section: S2 Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S1 Historical Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S1 Historical Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress partition on the Palu-Koro fault controlling the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards

Liu¹,

Shi²

2020

Preprint

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A tsunami generated by a strike-slip event: constraints from GPS and SAR data on the 2018 Palu earthquake

Simons

Broerse

Shen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A devastating tsunami struck Palu Bay in the wake of the 28 September 2018 M w = 7.5 Palu earthquake (Sulawesi, Indonesia). With a predominantly strike-slip mechanism, the question remains whether this unexpected tsunami was generated by the earthquake itself, or rather by earthquake-induced landslides. In this study we examine the tsunami potential of the co-seismic deformation. To this end, we present a novel geodetic data set of Global Positioning System and multiple Synthetic Aperture Radar-derived displacement fields to estimate a 3D co-seismic surface deformation field. The data reveal a number of fault bends, conforming to our interpretation of the tectonic setting as a transtensional basin. Using a Bayesian framework, we provide robust finite fault solutions of the co-seismic slip distribution, incorporating several scenarios of tectonically feasible fault orientations below the bay. These finite fault scenarios involve large co-seismic uplift (>2 m) below the bay due to thrusting on a restraining fault bend that connects the offshore continuation of two parallel onshore fault segments. With the co-seismic displacement estimates as input we simulate a number of tsunami cases. For most locations for which video-derived tsunami waveforms are available our models provide a qualitative fit to leading wave arrival times and polarity. The modeled tsunamis explain most of the observed runup. We conclude that co-seismic deformation was the main driver behind the tsunami that followed the Palu earthquake. Our unique geodetic data set constrains vertical motions of the sea floor, and sheds new light on the tsunamigenesis of strike-slip faults in transtensional basins.

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Earthquake-Induced Landslides and Related Problems

Towhata¹

2022

Coseismic Landslides

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The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake: A Supershear Rupture Event Constrained by InSAR and Broadband Regional Seismograms

Cited by 54 publications

References 61 publications

Stress partition on the Palu-Koro fault controlling the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards

Stress partition on the Palu-Koro fault controlling the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards

A tsunami generated by a strike-slip event: constraints from GPS and SAR data on the 2018 Palu earthquake

Earthquake-Induced Landslides and Related Problems

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