The 2011 strong fire eruption of Shikhzarli mud volcano, Azerbaijan: a case study with implications for methane flux estimation

Kokh, Svetlana N.; Sokol, Ella V.; Дектерев, А. А.; Кох, К. А.; Rashidov, Tofig; Tomilenko, A. A.; Бульбак, Т. А.; Khasaeva, A.; Guseinov, A. F.

doi:10.1007/s12665-017-7043-5

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Only “the most vigorous of such outbursts uproot trees, ignite methane” (Kopf, 2003). The Shikhzarli mud volcano, Azerbaijan, has flames in 74% of its eruptions (Kokh et al., 2017). Lokbatan, Azerbaijan, has a number of well documented explosive eruptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Discharge in Erupting Mud

Springsklee

Manga

Scheu

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Self‐ignition during the explosive eruption of mud volcanoes can create flames that in some cases reach heights that exceed hundreds of meters. To study the controls on electrical discharge in natural mud, we performed laboratory experiments using a shock‐tube apparatus to simulate explosive eruptions of mud. We vary the water content of the mud and proportions of fine particles. We measure electric discharge within a Faraday cage and we use a high‐speed video camera to image the eruption of mud and some of the electric discharge events. We find that (a) decreasing the proportion of fine particles and (b) increasing water content each suppress the number and magnitude of electric discharge events. Experimentally observed mud volcano lightning occurs where particles exit from the vent and within the jet of erupting particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Discharge in Erupting Mud

Springsklee

Manga

Scheu

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Mud volcanoes (MVs), which are actually "tectonic windows" into the deeper subsurface, have attracted the attention of geoscientists for at least 150 years [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The previous studies mainly address the morphology of volcanic edifices; the mechanisms, duration and periodicity of eruptions; the relations of mud volcanism with geological settings, overpressure zones, and oil and gas reservoirs; the geochemistry of MV fluids and mud (to a lesser extent), with implications for the compositions and depths of mobilised sediments; and the role of mud volcanism in the degassing of deeply buried sediments [2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the mineral-forming potential of mud volcanism has been less studied. Two most obvious types of mineral-forming processes are (1) surface and near-subsurface precipitation of salts (chlorides, borates, sulphates, and carbonates) from aqueous MV fluids on an evaporation barrier [3,18] and (2) ultra-high temperature alteration (combustion metamorphism) of mud masses triggered by MV flame eruptions and methane ignition [1,17,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. In both cases, minerals owe their origin mainly to fluids released through MV edifices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Mud Volcanic Ejecta: A New Look at Old Issues (A Case Study from the Bulganak Field, Northern Black Sea)

et al. 2018

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We characterise the mineralogy and geochemistry of Oligo-Miocene Maykopian shales that are currently extruded by onshore mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman Province (the Northern Black Sea) from the depths of ~2.5–3 km. The ejected muds are remarkable by highly diverse authigenic mineralogy that comprises glauconite, apatite, siderite, mixed Fe–Mg–Mn–(Ca) and Mn–Ca–Fe-carbonates, pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, cinnabar, chalcopyrite, nukundamite, akantite, native Cu, Au and Au–Ag alloys. Precise geochemical techniques and high-resolution methods are applied to study the composition of bulk rocks, sulphide and carbonate fractions, as well as individual mineral species, including trace element and isotopic compositions of carbonates (C, O) and pyrite (S). Mineralogy of clastic and heavy fractions is used as a provenance tracer. Oxygen-deficient to weakly sulphuric deposition conditions are inferred for the parent sediments proceeding from trace element partitioning between carbonate, sulphide, and metallic phases. The main conclusion of the study is that onshore mud volcanoes of the region only transport buried sedimentary material and authigenic minerals they store to the ground surface.

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“…Mud volcanoes are also well known for their gas emissions, which includes mostly the greenhouse gas methane, but also carbon dioxide. The contribution of mud volcanoes to the greenhouse gas inventory might be significant, yet it has not traditionally been considered (Chao et al, 2010;Milkov et al, 2003;Kokh et al 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%