The 2010–2012 eruption of Kizimen Volcano: The greatest output (from the data of remote-sensing observations) for eruptions in Kamchatka in the early 21st century part I. The November 11, 2010 to December 11, 2011 phase

Dvigalo, Viktor; Мелекесцев, И. В.; Shevchenko, Alina; Svirid, Ilya

doi:10.1134/s074204631306002x

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…1 and 2d, f). By 11 December 2011, the thicknesses of lava flow in the frontal areas of the two lobes of the flow field were up to 230 m and the flow volume (Dvigalo et al 2013). Subsequently, by July 2012, the flow increased in length from 2.5 to 3.5 km.…”

Section: Lava Flowmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2h), where PFs formed a narrow, 7-km-long and up to 50-m-thick deposit. The total area covered with PF deposits by 11 December 2011 reached 13.12 km 2 with an average thickness of 20 m and a corresponding volume of 0.265 km 3 (Dvigalo et al 2013). After that date, the volume of PF deposits increased only negligibly.…”

Section: Pyroclastic Flow Depositsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The equations η = ρgh 2 sin α/2 V (for flow surface velocity) and η = ρgh 2 sin α/3 V (for flow front velocity) are according to Gauthier (1973). Thickness of lava (h) and slope angle (α) are taken from the maps of the lava flow completed by Dvigalo et al (2013); g is the acceleration due to gravity, and ρ is the density of the lava flow as 2300 kg/m 3 (see below). Viscosities calculated using the velocities of the flow front are probably overestimated because frequent gravitational collapses of the flow front made its front velocity less than its theoretical Brheological^velocity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2c). By September, the length of the lava flow reached 2.5 km with an average thickness of 50 m and a volume of 0.062 m 3 (Dvigalo et al 2013). According to data of ASTER satellite images, average propagation velocity of the flow front in the period July 3-September 5 comprised 9 m/day (Melnikov et al 2011).…”

Section: The 2010-2013 Eruption Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASTER satellite images indicate that in the period 5 September-11 December 2011, fronts of both branches continued to advance with average velocities of 5.3 and 5.9 m/day for the north and east lobes, correspondingly with an average discharge rate of 16 m 3 /s. By 11 December 2011, the thicknesses of lava in frontal areas of the lobes exceeded 220 m and the flow volume was 0.195 km 3 (Dvigalo et al 2013). Subsequently, the lava discharge rate started to decrease.…”

Section: The 2010-2013 Eruption Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposits, petrology and mechanism of the 2010–2013 eruption of Kizimen volcano in Kamchatka, Russia

2018

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Kizimen volcano in Kamchatka is well known as a source of highly heterogeneous poorly mingled magmas ranging from dacites to basaltic andesites. In 2010-2013, the volcano produced its first historical magmatic eruption with the deposition of 0.27 km 3 of block and ash pyroclastic flows accompanied by slow extrusion of a 200-m-thick, highly viscous (10 10 -10 11 Pa s) block lava flow with a volume of 0.3 km 3 . The total volume of erupted magma comprised approximately 0.4 km 3 DRE. We provide description of the eruption chronology, as well as the lithology and petrology of eruptive products. The erupted material is represented by banded dacite and high-silica andesite. The dacitic magma was formed during a long dormancy after the previous magmatic eruption several hundred years ago with mineral compositions indicating average pre-eruptive temperatures of~810°C, fO 2 of 0.9-1.6 log units above the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer and shallow crustal storage conditions at~123 MPa. The silica-rich andesite represents a hybrid magma, which shows signs of recent thermal and compositional disequilibrium. We suggest that the hybrid magma started to form in 1963 when a swarm of deep earthquakes indicated an input of mafic magma from depth into the 6-11-km-deep silicic magma chamber. It took the following 46 years until the magma filling the chamber reached an eruptible state. Poor mingling of the two melts is attributed to its unusually high viscosity that could be associated with the pre-eruptive long-term leakage of volatiles from the chamber through a regional tectonic fault. Our investigations have shown that shallow magma chambers of dormant volcanoes demonstrating strong persistent fumarolic activity can contain highly viscous, degassed magma of evolved composition. Reactivation of such magma chambers by injection of basic magma takes a long time (several decades). Thus, eruption forecasts at such volcanoes should include a possibility of long time lag between a swarm of deep earthquakes (indicating the recharge of basic magma from depth) and the following swarm of shallow earthquakes (indicating final ascent of the hybrid magma towards the surface). Due to the high viscosity of the magma, the shallow swarm can last for more than a year. The forthcoming eruption can be of moderate to low explosivity and include extrusion of viscous lava flows and domes composed of poorly mingled magmas of contrasting compositions.

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Section: Lava Flowmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pyroclastic Flow Depositsmentioning

confidence: 96%