The 20 kDa and 22 kDa forms of human growth hormone (hGH) exhibit different intracellular signalling profiles and properties

Liu, Yaoxia; Chen, Jingyan; Tang, Xin; Chen, Ping; Zhang, Min

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.010

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Growth hormone (GH), one of the major hormones of the somatotropic axis, is a 191-amino acid protein found in many isoforms [ 1 ]. The human GH gene family is composed by two GH genes ( GH1 and GH2 ) and three placental lactogens ( CSH1 ; CSH2 ; CSHL1 ) that are located in the chromosome 17 [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction

Wójcik

Krawczyńska

Antushevich

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic processes in an organism. Determination of the correct structure and functioning of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) allowed for a more detailed research of its post-receptor regulators, which substantially influences its signal transduction. This review is focused on the description of the post-receptor inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT pathway, which is one of the most important pathways in the transduction of the somatotropic axis signal. The aim of this review is the short characterization of the main post-receptor inhibitors, such as: cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS), Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1, 2 and 3, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS) 1, 3 and PIAS4, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) 1B and H1, Src homology 2 (SH2) domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 1, 2 and signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α1. The equilibrium between these regulators activity and inhibition is of special concern because, as many studies showed, even slight imbalance may disrupt the GH activity causing serious diseases. The regulation of the described inhibitors expression and activity may be a point of interest for pharmaceutical industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction

Wójcik

Krawczyńska

Antushevich

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…Interestingly, information on the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) has been considered vital for all aspects of male factor infertility management. GH, which in its predominant form is a 22‐kDa polypeptide, is secreted by somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary, modulates gonadotropin secretion and regulates the growth and function of secondary sexual tissues, including the activation of formation of the uterus in females and the prostate and seminal vesicles in males (Hull & Harvey, ; Yao‐Xia, Jing‐Yan, Xia‐Lian, Ping, & Min, ). GH administration has been identified as a potential treatment for infertility as it has been shown that GH improves semen volume, count and motility (Kalra, Kalra, & Sharma, ), or improves motility but not sperm count in asthenozoospermic and oligozoospermic men, with reported pregnancies in the asthenozoospermic group but not in the oligozoospermic group (Ovesen et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between male Infertility and seminal plasma levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1

et al. 2018

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Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been proposed to play a pivotal role in male infertility due to their anabolic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between seminal plasma levels of GH and IGF-1 and sperm parameters. Fifty men participated in this study. Semen analysis was performed, while cell-free seminal plasma was collected following sperm centrifugation. Seminal plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and GH were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Due to the presence of asthenozoospermia in all participants who presented with abnormal sperm parameters, the participants were further subdivided into normal (group A), asthenozoospermic (group B) and asthenozoospermic plus at least one additional abnormal parameter (group C). A marginally nonsignificant statistical difference (p = 0.063) was revealed between the GH levels corresponding to the asthenozoospermic and the normal group with the latter presenting with higher GH levels. A statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was noted between levels of GH and IGF-1 in group C. The above relationship has also been observed in men with low sperm concentration, vitality, volume and abnormal morphology. These novel findings require further investigation in order for the biological significance of those associations to be clarified.

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“…Our group found expression of GH and its receptor in hippocampal neural stem cells, but we did not differentiate whether the main GH form or the GH 20 kDa or both [34] were expressed. In the case of retina, it seems to be a particular situation, because both GH-N 22 kDa and 20 kDa bind and activate the same receptor (GHR); both forms exhibit similar, but not identical physiological activities, although the kinetics of signaling by GH-N 22 kDa and 20 kDa is different being weaker that of 20 kDa than of the major form, which can justify the different biological activities exhibited by these GH-N forms [35]. Furthermore, in humans, 20 kDa GH is a weaker agonist for the receptor of PRL than 22 kDa GH [36].…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Human Pituitary (Pit) Gh Western Blot Showi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Gene Family and Its Evolution

Devesa¹,

Devesa²

2023

Growth Hormone - Impact and Insights in Human Beings

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In this review, we will analyze the family of growth hormone (GH) genes, the territories where they are produced, the proteolytic generation of GH isoforms, both at the pituitary and tissue levels, the biological activity of these molecular forms, and we will describe the new variant GH-V2 and its effects biological. Finally, we will analyze the evolution of the hormone from its starting point with a common gene with PRL to its actions in the most evolved organisms as a true prohormone.

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The 20 kDa and 22 kDa forms of human growth hormone (hGH) exhibit different intracellular signalling profiles and properties

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction

Post-Receptor Inhibitors of the GHR-JAK2-STAT Pathway in the Growth Hormone Signal Transduction

Association between male Infertility and seminal plasma levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1

Growth Hormone Gene Family and Its Evolution

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