The 1996 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Clark, J. Derrell; Gebhart, G. F.; Gonder, Janet C.; Keeling, Michale E.; Kohn, Dennis F.

doi:10.1093/ilar.38.1.41

Cited by 519 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Animal care and housing conditions were consistent with the 1996 Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Clark et al, 1997). Surgical and experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Arizona State University.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Cues Reinstate Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Induce Fos Protein Expression as Effectively as Conditioned Cues

Bastle

Kufahl

Turk

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Cue reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior is a widely used model of cue-elicited craving in abstinent human addicts. This study examined Fos protein expression in response to cocaine cues or to novel cues as a control for activation produced by test novelty. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine paired with either a light or a tone cue, or received yoked saline and cue presentations, and then underwent daily extinction training. They were then tested for reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior elicited by response-contingent presentations of either the cocaine-paired cue or a novel cue (that is, tone for those trained with a light or vice versa). Surprisingly, conditioned and novel cues both reinstated responding and increased Fos similarly in most brain regions. Exceptions included the anterior cingulate, which was sensitive to test cue modality in saline controls and the dorsomedial caudate-putamen, where Fos was correlated with responding in the novel, but not conditioned, cue groups. In subsequent experiments, we observed a similar pattern of reinstatement in rats trained and tested for sucrose-seeking behavior, whereas rats trained and tested with the cues only reinstated to a novel, and not a familiar, light or tone. The results suggest that novel cues reinstate responding to a similar extent as conditioned cues regardless of whether animals have a reinforcement history with cocaine or sucrose, and that both types of cues activate similar brain circuits. Several explanations as to why converging processes may drive drug and novel cue reinforcement and seeking behavior are discussed.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Cues Reinstate Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Induce Fos Protein Expression as Effectively as Conditioned Cues

Bastle

Kufahl

Turk

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The animals' normal diet (Lab Diet 5038, PMI Nutrition International) was supplemented with fruit or vegetables seven days per week and water was available ad libitum in the home cage at all times. The United States National Institutes of Health guidelines for laboratory animal care (Clark et al, 1997) were followed, and all protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of The Scripps Research Institute. All animals were immobilized with ketamine in doses of 5-10 mg/kg (i.m.)…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled and Behaviorally Relevant Levels of Oral Ethanol Intake in Rhesus Macaques Using a Flavorant‐Fade Procedure

Katner

Flynn

Huben

et al. 2004

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background: Flavorant‐fading procedures can initiate and maintain oral ethanol intake in rodents. The present study developed a similar procedure to achieve controlled and behaviorally relevant levels of ethanol intake in monkeys.Methods: Male rhesus macaques (N= 13) were initially given the opportunity to consume 0.5 g/kg of a 1% (w/v) ethanol plus 4% (w/v) Tang solution in 1‐hr limited‐access sessions without the requirement of an operant response. Once consumption was stable at a particular concentration (%) and/or amount (g/kg), animals were given access to higher concentrations and/or amounts of ethanol. Animals were tested on a bimanual motor skill (BMS) task 20 and 90 min after consumption to assess behavioral impairment. Blood alcohol levels (BALs) were assessed after a session in which animals had the opportunity to consume up to 3.0 g/kg of 6% (w/v) ethanol.Results: The gradual fading up of higher concentrations and amounts of ethanol resulted in controlled and robust levels (>2.0 g/kg) of ethanol intake in half of the subjects. Increasing the concentration of the sweetener from 4 to 6% (w/v) was effective in initiating consumption in three animals. Two monkeys required the additional step of presenting the increased‐sweetener solutions after a meal (postprandial consumption) to initiate significant ethanol intake. Animals were significantly impaired on the BMS task after consumption of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/kg of ethanol. Individual consumption ranging from 0.8 to 3.0 g/kg of ethanol produced BALs of 18 to 269 mg/dl.Conclusions: The flavorant‐fading procedure was effective in producing behaviorally relevant levels of ethanol consumption in rhesus macaques. This model facilitated a randomized‐dose procedure to determine the behavioral effects of 0.5 to 3.0 g/kg of ethanol. This procedure therefore is of significant utility in determining behavioral or physiologic effects of specific doses of consumed ethanol in monkeys.

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“…The animals' normal diet (Lab Diet 5045, PMI Nutrition International) was supplemented with fruit or vegetables four days per week and water was available ad libitum in the home cage at all times. Principles of laboratory animal care (Clark et al 1996) were followed, and all protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of The Scripps Research Institute. The monkeys were obtained in a single cohort from the same vendor and received identical training on all components of the behavioral test battery prior to the initiation of the MDMA exposure study.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Performance of MDMA-Treated Rhesus Monkeys, Sensitivity to Serotonergic Challenge

Taffe

Davis

Yuan

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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The 1996 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

Cited by 519 publications

References 2 publications

Novel Cues Reinstate Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Induce Fos Protein Expression as Effectively as Conditioned Cues

Novel Cues Reinstate Cocaine-Seeking Behavior and Induce Fos Protein Expression as Effectively as Conditioned Cues

Controlled and Behaviorally Relevant Levels of Oral Ethanol Intake in Rhesus Macaques Using a Flavorant‐Fade Procedure

Cognitive Performance of MDMA-Treated Rhesus Monkeys, Sensitivity to Serotonergic Challenge

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