The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii

Lockwood, John P.; Banks, Norm; English, Tom; Greenland, Paul; Jackson, Dallas B.; Johnson, Dan; Koyanagi, Bob; McGee, K. A.; Okamura, Arnold T.; Rhodes, M.

doi:10.1029/eo066i016p00169-01

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Mauna Loa is well suited to study earthquake‐volcano interaction because the historic eruptions and earthquakes are very well documented. The co‐occurrence of earthquakes and eruptions has been noted by several previous workers, e.g., Lipman et al [1985], Lockwood et al [1985], Endo [1985], Tilling et al [1987], Wyss et al [1992], Okubo [1995], Bryan and Johnson [1991], and Munson et al [1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A number of previous studies point to the co‐occurrence of eruptions and earthquakes at Mauna Loa [e.g., Lockwood et al , 1985; Endo , 1985; Tilling et al , 1987; Wyss et al , 1992; Okubo , 1995; Bryan and Johnson , 1991; Munson et al , 1995]. In the following, we systematically review the historical catalogues.…”

Section: Volcanic and Seismic Activity At Mauna Loamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important piece of evidence for volcano‐earthquake interaction is the measurement of fumarole activity in 1983. The measurements were done at one station at the caldera along an eruptive fissure from 1975 [see Lockwood et al , 1985, Figure 3]. A rise in temperature occurred on 18 November, only 2 days after the earthquake.…”

Section: Stress Transfer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A gradual increase in H2 using a H2‐O2 fuel cell was detected on 21 November, just 5 days after the earthquake. This increase of fumarole activity led Lockwood et al [1985] to propose that the earthquake enabled the upward migration of volcanic gases. Fluid mobilization was thus a direct response of the earthquake.…”

Section: Stress Transfer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcano‐earthquake interaction at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii

Walter

Amelung

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The activity at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, is characterized by eruptive fissures that propagate into the Southwest Rift Zone (SWRZ) or into the Northeast Rift Zone (NERZ) and by large earthquakes at the basal decollement fault. In this paper we examine the historic eruption and earthquake catalogues, and we test the hypothesis that the events are interconnected in time and space. Earthquakes in the Kaoiki area occur in sequence with eruptions from the NERZ, and earthquakes in the Kona and Hilea areas occur in sequence with eruptions from the SWRZ. Using three-dimensional numerical models, we demonstrate that elastic stress transfer can explain the observed volcano-earthquake interaction. We examine stress changes due to typical intrusions and earthquakes. We find that intrusions change the Coulomb failure stress along the decollement fault so that NERZ intrusions encourage Kaoiki earthquakes and SWRZ intrusions encourage Kona and Hilea earthquakes. On the other hand, earthquakes decompress the magma chamber and unclamp part of the Mauna Loa rift zone, i.e., Kaoiki earthquakes encourage NERZ intrusions, whereas Kona and Hilea earthquakes encourage SWRZ intrusions. We discuss how changes of the static stress field affect the occurrence of earthquakes as well as the occurrence, location, and volume of dikes and of associated eruptions and also the lava composition and fumarolic activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Volcanic and Seismic Activity At Mauna Loamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Transfer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Transfer Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcano‐earthquake interaction at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii

Walter

Amelung

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The channel network within Flow 1 then continued to evolve as blockages caused overflows that evolved into new flow lobes (e.g., Flows 1A and 1B). Activity finally ceased after 20 days [ Lockwood et al ., ; Lipman and Banks , ]. The tributary KDec1974 flow was emplaced over only ~6 h. Lava erupted from a series of en echelon fissures that opened from NE to SW (Figure b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel networks within lava flows: Formation, evolution, and implications for flow behavior

Dietterich

Cashman

2014

JGR Earth Surface

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New high-resolution maps of Hawaiian lava flows highlight complex topographically controlled channel networks. Network geometries range from distributary systems dominated by branching around local obstacles, to tributary systems constricted by topography. We combine 2-D network analysis tools developed for river systems and neural networks with 3-D lidar morphologic analysis and historical records of flow emplacement to investigate both the origins of channel networks and their influence on flow morphology and behavior. We find that network complexity is a function of underlying slope and that the degree of flow branching, network connectivity, and longevity of individual channels all influence the final flow morphology (flow and channel widths and levee heights). Furthermore, because channel networks govern the distribution of lava supply within a flow, changes in the channel topology can dramatically alter the effective volumetric flux in any one branch, which affects both flow length and advance rate. Specifically, branching will slow and shorten flows, while merging can accelerate and lengthen them. Consideration of channel networks is thus important for predicting lava flow behavior and mitigating flow hazards with diversion barriers. Observed relationships between network geometry, flow parameters, and morphology also offer insight into the interpretation of these features elsewhere on Earth and other terrestrial planets.

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Crystallization and Vesiculation of the 1984 Eruption of Mauna Loa

Series¹

1989

Collected Reprint Series

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Calculations based on existing thermodynamic models for silicate melts are used to model the physical and chemical evolution of the 1984 Mauna Loa magma. Specifically, the calculations simulate the vesiculation-induced crystallization of the ascending magma. The calculations provide a physiochemical model to explain the increase in crystallization under isothermal conditions. The evolution of the Mauna Loa magma is modeled in three separate stages corresponding to (1) the subsurface crystallization of the phenocryst assemblage, (2) the crystallization and vesiculation of the magma during its ascent from depth, and (3) the crystallization and vesiculation of the lavas at the surface. The preeruptive crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene phenocrysts began at _ 1155øC and 0.2 GPa. Olivine and plagioclase alone crystallized during the ascent of the magma. The bulk of the crystallization and vesiculation of the Mauna Loa magma occurred at pressures less than 20 MPa. Under lithostatic pressures this corresponds to depths as shallow as 600-700 m. Ancillary calculations have established the net heat effect of the prescribed ascent path and demonstrate that the heat associated with vesiculation easily compensates for the heats of crystallization. The calculations suggest that the near-surface processes can be quite endothermic depending on the initial H20 content of the magma. For a magma with I wt % dissolved H20 the heat balance demands approximately 5-10øC cooling. Further calculations predict the liquid line of descent for this ascent path and document the corresponding variations in the physical properties of the melt phase. els that describe (1) the solubility of H•O in silicate melts [Nicholls, 1980] and (2) solid-melt equilibria for silicate melts [Ghiorso et al., 1983]. The calculations allow the PT ascent path of the 1984 Mauna Loa magma to be determined from the observed phenocryst and microphenocryst assemblage. An acceptable calculated ascent path must reproduce the increase in crystallinity described by Lipman et al. [1985]. If the model can reproduce the field observations, then the corresponding assumptions are justified. FIELD OBSERVATIONS The field monitoring of the 1984 Mauna Loa eruption began early in the history of the eruption and continued to its conclusion. The observations of Lockwood et al. [1985], course of the eruption implies subsurface crystallization and Lipman et al. [1985], and Lipman and Banks [1987] provide represents significant variations in magmatic conditions. Lip-a continuous record of eruption rate, eruption temperature, man et al. [1985], for example, postulated that the subsur-lava chemistry, and degree of crystallization. Observations face crystallization resulted from the loss of volatiles during the ascent of the magma. In this case it is inferred that the crystallization and vesiculation attended Mauna Loa magma's ascent and eruption. The crystal content, the degree of vesicularity, the phase assemblage, the phase chemistry, and the temperature relate to these two pro...

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The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Volcano‐earthquake interaction at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii

Volcano‐earthquake interaction at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii

Channel networks within lava flows: Formation, evolution, and implications for flow behavior

Crystallization and Vesiculation of the 1984 Eruption of Mauna Loa

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