The 1982 eruptions of El Chichón Volcano, Mexico: Stratigraphy of pyroclastic deposits

Sigurdsson, Haraldur; Carey, Steven; Espíndola, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(84)90055-6

Cited by 104 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among nine VEI 5 and 6 eruptions of the twentieth century for which we have found nearby observations, six were preceded by precursory eruptions. Exceptions are Santa Maria (Sapper, 1904), El Chichón (Sigurdsson et al, 1984), and Novarupta (Hildreth, 1983). Among smaller eruptions, a disturbingly large number are not preceded by precursory eruptive activity.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions

Mastin

Guffanti

Servranckx³

et al. 2009

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

620

766

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions

Mastin

Guffanti

Servranckx³

et al. 2009

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

620

766

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…3a; Table 1). No fine ash deposits nor erosions or volcaniclastic deposits are found interbedded in the PS1 stratigraphic succession indicating a rapid deposition of the different sub-units as concluded by several authors (Sigurdsson et al, 1984(Sigurdsson et al, , 1987Macías et al, 1997;Scolamacchia and Macías, 2005). Therefore, the repetitive occurrence of these massive to crudely stratified sub-units indicate deposition from decimeter-thick granular dominated flow-boundary zone (Branney and Kokelaar, 2002;Sulpizio et al, 2007) developed in a pulsating PDC (Sulpizio et al, 2007;Sulpizio and Dellino, in press).…”

Section: Lithofacies Analysismentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Late on April 3, the most energetic event began (Yokoyama et al, 1992) with a series of hydromagmatic explosions that dispersed highly turbulent PDCs (PS1; Figs. 2 and 3a) around the volcano that killed more than 2000 people (Sigurdsson et al, 1984;Macías et al, 1997;. These explosions opened the volcanic conduit and completely destroyed the central dome producing block-and-ash flows (PF1; Fig.…”

Section: The 1982 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition temperature of some PDC deposits from the 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) inferred from rock-magnetic data

Sulpizio

Zanella

Macías

2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) analyses were carried out on lithic fragments from two different typologies of pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits of the 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano, in order to estimate their equilibrium temperature (T dep ) after deposition. The estimated T dep range is 360-400°C, which overlaps the direct measurements of temperature carried out four days after the eruption on the PDC deposits. This overlap demonstrates the reliability of the TRM method to estimate the T dep of pyroclastic deposits and to approximate their depositional temperature. These results also constraint the time needed for reaching thermal equilibrium within four days for the studied PDC deposits, in agreement with predictions of theoretical models. Sedimentological analysis demonstrates that different thickness of aggrading granular dominated pulses does not affect significantly the estimated T dep for the two studied PDCs. The component analysis highlights how the entrapment of a significant amount of pre-heated lithic fragments from the dome and the conduit walls reduced the cooling of the pyroclastic mixture.

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“…In particular we consider the strong plume formed during 4 April 1982 by El Chichón 1982 eruption (e.g. Sigurdsson et al, 1984;Bonasia et al, 2012) and the weak plume formed during the 6 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (e.g. Bonadonna et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Test Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we focus on the second major event, starting at 01:35 UTC on April 4th and lasting nearly 4.5 h (Sigurdsson et al, 1984). Bonasia et al (2012) used analytical (HAZMAP) and numerical (FALL3D) tephra transport models to reconstruct ground deposit observations for the three main eruption fallout units.…”

Section: Phase-b El Chichón 1982 Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FPLUME-1.0: An integral volcanic plume model accounting for ash aggregation

2016

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Abstract. Eruption source parameters (ESP) characterizing volcanic eruption plumes are crucial inputs for atmospheric tephra dispersal models, used for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. We present FPLUME-1.0, a steady-state 1-D (one-dimensional) cross-section-averaged eruption column model based on the buoyant plume theory (BPT). The model accounts for plume bending by wind, entrainment of ambient moisture, effects of water phase changes, particle fallout and re-entrainment, a new parameterization for the air entrainment coefficients and a model for wet aggregation of ash particles in the presence of liquid water or ice. In the occurrence of wet aggregation, the model predicts an effective grain size distribution depleted in fines with respect to that erupted at the vent. Given a wind profile, the model can be used to determine the column height from the eruption mass flow rate or vice versa. The ultimate goal is to improve ash cloud dispersal forecasts by better constraining the ESP (column height, eruption rate and vertical distribution of mass) and the effective particle grain size distribution resulting from eventual wet aggregation within the plume. As test cases we apply the model to the eruptive phase-B of the 4 April 1982 El Chichón volcano eruption (México) and the 6 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption phase (Iceland). The modular structure of the code facilitates the implementation in the future code versions of more quantitative ash aggregation parameterization as further observations and experiment data will be available for better constraining ash aggregation processes.

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The 1982 eruptions of El Chichón Volcano, Mexico: Stratigraphy of pyroclastic deposits

Cited by 104 publications

References 19 publications

A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions

A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions

Deposition temperature of some PDC deposits from the 1982 eruption of El Chichón volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) inferred from rock-magnetic data

FPLUME-1.0: An integral volcanic plume model accounting for ash aggregation

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