The 1971 and 1973 eruptions of Volcán Fuego, Guatemala, and some socio-economic considerations for the volcanologist

Bonis, Samuel; Salazar, Oswaldo Viteri

doi:10.1007/bf02597636

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Fuego was particularly active in the 1970s. Eruptions in September 1971 and February 1973 were comparable in size to each of the individual eruptions composing the sub-Plinian eruptive episode of 1974 (Bonis & Salazar, 1973;Martin & Rose, 1981). The eruption of 14 th September 1971 was particularly impressive: a report from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) states, "All observers agree this was the most spectacular eruption in memory (at least 70 years)" (GVP, 2018).…”

Section: Figure Specifications: 2-column Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eruption of 14 th September 1971 was particularly impressive: a report from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) states, "All observers agree this was the most spectacular eruption in memory (at least 70 years)" (GVP, 2018). The 1971 eruption began suddenly and lasted 12 hours, producing an eruptive column of 10,000 m asl and extensive pyroclastic flows (Bonis & Salazar, 1973). Flows travelled E down Barranca Honda, but the direction of ash dispersal was W towards the departments of Acatenango and Yepocapa.…”

Section: Figure Specifications: 2-column Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eruption frequency patterns through time for the current (1999–2018) activity cycle at Volcán de Fuego derived from remote sensing data: Evidence for an accelerating cycle of explosive paroxysms and potential implications of eruptive activity

Naismith

Watson

Escobar-Wolf

et al. 2019

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Eruption frequency patterns through time for the current (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018) activity cycle at Volcán de Fuego derived from remote sensing data: Evidence for an accelerating cycle of explosive paroxysms and potential implications of eruptive activity. AbstractVolcán de Fuego is a stratovolcano in Guatemala that has produced over 50 VEI  2 eruptions since 1524. After two decades of quiescence, in 1999 Fuego entered a new period of eruptive activity that continues until the present day, characterised by persistent Strombolian activity interspersed with occasional "paroxysmal" eruptions of greater magnitude, the most recent of which occurred in 2018. The land surrounding Fuego accommodates tens of thousands of people, so greater understanding of its eruptive behaviour has important implications for hazard assessment. Nevertheless, there is relatively little literature that studies recent (since 1999) activity of Fuego in detail.Using time-series analysis of remote sensing thermal data during the period 2000 -2018 combined with recent bulletin reports, we present evidence for a new eruptive regime beginning in 2015. We find that this regime is defined by a greater frequency of paroxysmal eruptions than in previous years and is characterized by the following sequence of events: (i) effusion of lava flows and increase in summit explosive activity, followed by (ii) an intense eruptive phase lasting 24 -48 hours, producing a sustained eruptive column, continuous explosions, and occasional pyroclastic flows, followed by (iii) decrease in explosive activity. We discuss various models that explain this increase in paroxysmal frequency, and consider its implications for hazard assessment at Fuego. We advocate the pairing of remote sensing data with monitoring reports for understanding long-term changes in behaviour of poorlyinstrumented volcanoes. The results that we present here provide a standard for informed assessment of future episodes of unrest and paroxysmal eruptions of Fuego. KeywordsVolcán de Fuego -paroxysm -MIROVA -radiative power

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Section: Figure Specifications: 2-column Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure Specifications: 2-column Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruption frequency patterns through time for the current (1999–2018) activity cycle at Volcán de Fuego derived from remote sensing data: Evidence for an accelerating cycle of explosive paroxysms and potential implications of eruptive activity

Naismith

Watson

Escobar-Wolf

et al. 2019

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Eruptions of these volcanoes have produced lava flows (Eichelberger and McGetchin, 1976)) tephra falls (Rose et al, 1978;Williams and Self, 1983), pyroclastic flows (Rose et al, 1977; Davies et al, 1978) and lahars (Bonis and Salazar, 1973; Vessel] and Davies,198 1). Some of these events have resulted in fatalities and extensive property damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edifice collapse and related hazards in Guatemala

Vallance

Siebert

Rose

et al. 1995

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Guatemalan volcanoes have at least seven debris-avalanche deposits, associated with Cerro Quemado, Fuego, Pacaya, Tecuamburro and an unidentified volcano. The deposits range in size from less than 0.1 to in excess of 9 km3 and from 2.5 to in excess of 300 km*. The avalanches traveled 3 to 50 km from their sources in the Guatemalan highlands. Three of the avalanches occurred in Late Pleistocene time and four in Holocene time-two of them within the last 2000 years. The avalanches occurred at both andesitic and basaltic stratovolcanoes and at dacitic dome complexes. Laterally directed phreatic or magmatic pyroclastic explosions were associated with two of the debris avalanches.An evaluation of factors that might lead to an edifice collapse in Guatemala is based on the case studies presented in this report and a survey of the literature. Edifice collapses are more apt to occur if zones of weakness exist within the volcanic edifices, such as unwelded pyroclastic rocks and pervasively altered rocks. Further, the trench-ward side of volcano pairs like Fuego and Atitlfin may be more likely to fail because it may have weak zones along the contact with the older back-arc volcano. The direction of failure may be influenced by regional slopes, which in Guatemala generally trend southward toward the oceanic trench, and by such structural factors as multiple vents or overly steep slopes reflecting previous activity or erosion. Debris avalanches are more likely to occur in drainages which have headwaters at two or more volcanoes. Domes are especially apt to produce small-to moderate-sized debris avalanches, and, further, if the domes form a coalescing chain, are most likely to fail in a direction normal to the chain. These factors are used at seventeen major volcanic centers in Guatemala to assess their potential for edifice collapse and most probable direction of failure.

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“…Rates of accumulation could be high [ 0.5 -5.0 ton/m2 over an 8 -24 hr period are not unusual (S. Williams and R. Stoiber, unpublished observations)]. Bonis and Salazar (1973) have emphasized the problems of roof collapse in Guatemalan houses during the 1971 and 1973 eruptions of Fuego Volcano, Guatemala.…”

Section: Roof Collapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Medical aspects of volcanic disasters: An outline of the hazards and emergency response measures

et al. 1982

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The health and safety hazards posed by volcanic eruptions are outlined with special reference to experience gained from the eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980. The ability of volcanologists to predict the timing and the impact on local communities of an impending eruption are limited, some recent devastating eruptions having occurred without apparent warning. With the expansion of world populations into hazardous volcanic areas there is a growing need to develop appropriate emergency response measures. This paper describes the main preventive public and occupational health measures that are now a necessary part in dealing with volcanic emergencies.

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The 1971 and 1973 eruptions of Volcán Fuego, Guatemala, and some socio-economic considerations for the volcanologist

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Eruption frequency patterns through time for the current (1999–2018) activity cycle at Volcán de Fuego derived from remote sensing data: Evidence for an accelerating cycle of explosive paroxysms and potential implications of eruptive activity

Eruption frequency patterns through time for the current (1999–2018) activity cycle at Volcán de Fuego derived from remote sensing data: Evidence for an accelerating cycle of explosive paroxysms and potential implications of eruptive activity

Edifice collapse and related hazards in Guatemala

Medical aspects of volcanic disasters: An outline of the hazards and emergency response measures

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