The 1963–65 eruption of Irazú volcano, Costa Rica (the period of March 1963 to October 1964)

Murata, K. J.; Dondoli, C.; Saenz, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02597194

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Desde entonces, varias erupciones de carácter estromboliano o estromboliano-vulcaniano han ocurrido (Murata et al, 1966;Alvarado, 1993). La actividad freática y freatomagmática también ha desempeñado un papel crucial en la historia eruptiva de este volcán.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Emisión difusa de dióxido de carbono en el Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica

Galindo

Melián

Salazar

et al. 2011

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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The first study of diffuse CO 2 degassing was performed at Irazú volcano in 2001, with the goal to evaluate the origin and spatial distribution of CO 2 efflux as well as the total output of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Most of the study area showed background values of CO 2 efflux, < 20 g m -2 d -1 . The highest value was 316 g m -2 d -1 , which is relatively lower than the observed highest values for other volcanic systems within the same volcano-tectonic framework. The relatively high CO 2 efflux values were located in the NE sector of the main crater and in the northern side of Diego de la Haya crater. Carbon isotopic signatures showed a wide range of δ 13 C-CO 2 values from -65.3 to -19.8 ‰ suggesting a strong biogenic component. The estimated total output of diffuse CO 2 degassing to the atmosphere from the study area was 44 t d -1 . The studied fumarolic gases showed that the 3 He/ 4 He ratio had a characteristic value for volcanoes related with subduction areas (6.6 R A ), and that 90% of the CO 2 emitted comes from calcareous sediments incorporated during the subduction process.Keywords: Irazú volcano, CO 2 , diffuse degassing, calcareous sediments, subduction, isotopes, fumaroles. RESUMEN:El primer estudio sobre desgasificación difusa de CO 2 en el volcán Irazú se realizó en el 2001, con el objetivo de evaluar el origen y la distribución espacial del flujo difuso de CO 2 así como la tasa de emisión de CO 2 a la atmósfera. La mayor parte del área de estudio presentó valores de fondo para el flujo difuso de CO 2 < 20 g m -2 d -1 . El mayor valor medido fue de 316 g m -2 d -1 , que es relativamente inferior a los mayores valores medidos en otros sistemas volcánicos asentados en el mismo ambiente volcano-tectónico. Los mayores valores de flujo difuso de CO 2 se detectaron en el borde NE del cráter Principal y al N del cráter Diego de La Haya. La firma isotópica del carbono en el CO 2 de la atmósfera del suelo presentó un amplio rango de valores δ 13 C-CO 2 , entre -65,3 y -19,8 ‰, que sugiere una importante contribución biogénica. La tasa de emisión difusa de CO 2 para el área de estudio en el Irazú se estimó en 44 t d -1 . El estudio de los gases fumarólicos mostró una relación 3 He/ 4 He característica de volcanes relacionados con zonas de subducción (6,6 R A ), y que el 90% del CO 2 emitido procede de la incorporación de sedimentos calcáreos en el proceso de subducción.Palabras clave: Volcán Irazú, CO 2 , emisión difusa, sedimentos calcáreos, subducción, isótopos, fumarolas.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Emisión difusa de dióxido de carbono en el Volcán Irazú, Costa Rica

Galindo

Melián

Salazar

et al. 2011

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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“…If capping layers of impermeable ash had been thin, surface runoff would have quickly incised through them and infiltration capacities would have increased substantially once coarser underlying ash layers had been exposed (e.g., Major and Yamakoshi 2005). Thick fine-grained ash layers also contributed to damaging rain-triggered lahars and floods at Irazú volcano during its 1963-1965 eruption (Murata et al 1966;Waldron 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute sedimentation response to rainfall following the explosive phase of the 2008–2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano, Chile

Pierson

Major

Amigo³

et al. 2013

Bull Volcanol

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The 10-day explosive phase at the start of the 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén volcano in southern Chile (42.83°S, 72.65°W) blanketed the steep, rain-forestcloaked, 77-km 2 Chaitén River drainage basin with 3 to >100 cm of tephra; predominantly fine to extremely fine rhyolitic ash fell during the latter half of the explosive phase. Rain falling on this ash blanket within days of cessation of major explosive activity generated a hyperconcentratedflow lahar, followed closely by a complex, multi-day, muddy flood (streamflow bordering on dilute hyperconcentrated flow). Sediment mobilized in this lahar-flood event filled the Chaitén River channel with up to 7 m of sediment, buried the town of Chaitén (10 km downstream of the volcano) in up to 3 m of sediment, and caused the lower 3 km of the channel to avulse through the town. Although neither the nature nor rate of the sedimentation response is unprecedented, they are unusual in several ways: (1) (3) The volume of sediment eroded from hillslopes and delivered to the Chaitén River channel was at least 3-8×10 6 m 3 -roughly 15-40 % of the minimum tephra volume that mantled the Chaitén River drainage basin. (4) The acute sedimentation response to rainfall appears to have been due to the thickness and fineness of the ash blanket (inhibiting infiltration of rain) and the steepness of the basin's hillslopes. Other possible factors such as the prior formation of an ash crust, development of a hydrophobic surface layer, or large-scale destruction of rain-intercepting vegetation did not play a role.

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“…Most of the ash was "accessory," that is, derived from materials torn from the conduit of the volcano or from avalanches into the crater, but some of the ash and most of the lapilli were "essential," that is, formed from magma or from lava only recently cooled in the throat of the volcano. The relatively large volume of accessory ash is clearly indicated by a comparison of the ash-laden eruptions that occurred after avalanches into the crater clogged the vent, and ash-poor eruptions that occurred through an open vent (Murata, 1966). Murata (1966) has ascribed the strong production of ash by Irazu to the loss of contained gases--chiefly water vapor--by exsolution before the magma reached the surface.…”

Section: The 1963-65 Eruptive Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively large volume of accessory ash is clearly indicated by a comparison of the ash-laden eruptions that occurred after avalanches into the crater clogged the vent, and ash-poor eruptions that occurred through an open vent (Murata, 1966). Murata (1966) has ascribed the strong production of ash by Irazu to the loss of contained gases--chiefly water vapor--by exsolution before the magma reached the surface. This gas loss plus the effect of downward percolating meteoric water tended to chill and fracture the magma rising in the conduit of the volcano.…”

Section: The 1963-65 Eruptive Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ash was generally blown to the west and northwest of the crater because of prevailing winds. Short-duration changes in the wind direction, however, were sufficient to allow some ash to be deposited over all the provinces of the country, and as far away as Lake Nicaragua (Murata, 1966). Lapilli, blocks, and bombs were restricted to areas immediately surrounding the crater.…”

Section: The 1963-65 Eruptive Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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