The 1669 eruption at Mount Etna: chronology, petrology and geochemistry, with inferences on the magma sources and ascent mechanisms

Corsaro, Rosa Anna; Cristofolini, Renato; Patanè, Loredana

doi:10.1007/s004450050144

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…11 a Th/Yb vs Ta/Yb plot from Pearce (1983) for Procida rocks; b, c Ta vs. Zr and Ti/Y vs. Zr/Nb diagrams for Procida rocks with MgO>4 wt % compared with Roman Province and Etna, Pantelleria and Iblei rocks. Data from Ayuso et al (1998), Beccaluva et al (1998), Bianchini et al (1998), Conticelli and Peccerillo (1992), Esperanca and Crisci (1995), Corsaro et al (1996), D'Antonio et al (1999a, Tanguy et al (1997). Symbols as in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Procida volcanic history: new insights into the evolution of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Campania region, Italy)

2004

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New stratigraphic, major-and trace-element, and Sr-, Nd-and Pb-isotopic data on volcanic deposits older than 14 ka from the island of Procida, Italy, are presented and compared with published analyses from the rest of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (PVD). Procida rocks range in composition from basalt to shoshonite and trachyte and show Pb ratios varying within the ranges 0. 70523-0.70678, 0.512539-0.512630, 18.99-19.29, 15.67-15.69 and 39.10-39.39, respectively. The presence of a compositional gap in the range SiO 2 =54-59 wt % is evidence of magma bimodality, and suggests that the feeding magmatic system was formed by at least two different reservoirs located at different depths. Geochemical and isotopic variations with increasing differentiation can be explained by fractional crystallization mechanisms, that in some cases were associated with crustal contamination that occurred in both deeper and shallower reservoirs; the most evolved magmas formed in the shallower one. Mixing/mingling processes also occurred. The variation of isotopic composition through time observed both for Procida and for Campi Flegrei and Ischia rocks is evidence of strong affinity between magmas that erupted on the entire PVD until about 40 ka. This indicates that they share a common origin and a common plumbing system. Most of the PVD eruptive centers active until about 40 ka lie within a NE-SWoriented volcano-tectonic belt extending from the southeastern part of Ischia, through Procida and Torregaveta volcano to the northeastern sector of the present Campi Flegrei caldera. This not only indicates the existence of a link between regional structures and volcanism in the area, but also suggests that PVD magma genesis and evolution were strongly regulated by extensional tectonics. In the last 40 ka the mafic rocks erupted along this extensional structure -from Torregaveta and the islands of Ischia and Procida -indicate that it still represents an important crustal discontinuity that focuses mantle-derived magmas. Procida trachybasalts are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light and middle rare earth elements (LREE and MREE), and show slight negative anomalies in the high field strength elements (HFSE) relative to average MORB. A slight depletion in HREE is present. Trace element and isotope systematics can be referred to a lithospheric mantle source. The lithospheric mantle source carries intra-plate and slabderived components, the latter probably inherited from a previous subduction event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Procida volcanic history: new insights into the evolution of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Campania region, Italy)

2004

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“…1) where the greatest hazard arises from lava flows released from vents on the flanks close to densely populated areas as happened in 1669 (Corsaro et al 1996;Crisci et al 2003) and again in 1928 (Duncan et al 1996). Although potentially highly destructive, lava flows at Etna generally move slowly and thus do not represent a direct threat to human lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pyroclastic density currents resulting from the interaction of basaltic magma with hydrothermally altered rock: an example from the 2006 summit eruptions of Mount Etna, Italy

et al. 2008

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After 16 months of quiescence, Mount Etna began to erupt again in mid-July 2006. The activity was concentrated at and around the Southeast Crater (SEC), one of the four craters on the summit of Etna, and eruptive activity continued intermittently for 5 months. During this period, numerous vents displayed a wide range of eruptive styles at different times. Virtually all explosive activities took place at vents at the summit of the SEC and on its flanks. Eruptive episodes, which lasted from 1 day to 2 weeks, became shorter and more violent with time. Volcanic activity at these vents was often accompanied by dramatic mass-wasting processes such as collapse of parts of the cone, highly unusual flowage processes involving both old rocks and fresh magmatic material, and magmawater interaction. The most dramatic events took place on 16 November, when numerous rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were generated during the opening of a large fracture on the SE flank of the SEC cone. The largest PDCs were clearly triggered explosively, and there is evidence that much of the energy was generated during the interaction of intruding magma with wet rocks on the cone's flanks. The most mobile PDCs traveled up to 1 km from their source. This previously unknown process on Etna may not be unique on this volcano and is likely to have taken place on other volcanoes. It represents a newly recognized hazard to those who visit and work in the vicinity of the summit of Etna.

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“…For example, during the 1669 eruption of Mount Etna, a ∼1 km 3 lava flow, probably fed by a radial dike, erupted from a vent 2,500 m below and 15 km distant from the summit, partially burying the city of Catania (Corsaro et al 1996). Sakurajima volcano, Japan, has experienced several eruptions from radial dikes that simultaneously extended in opposite directions from the summit, including activity in 1476, 1779, and 1914.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA

Poland

Moats²,

Fink

2007

Bull Volcanol

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The 1669 eruption at Mount Etna: chronology, petrology and geochemistry, with inferences on the magma sources and ascent mechanisms

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Procida volcanic history: new insights into the evolution of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Campania region, Italy)

Procida volcanic history: new insights into the evolution of the Phlegraean Volcanic District (Campania region, Italy)

Pyroclastic density currents resulting from the interaction of basaltic magma with hydrothermally altered rock: an example from the 2006 summit eruptions of Mount Etna, Italy

A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano, Colorado, USA

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