The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification

Osterberg, E. C.; Winski, D.; Kreutz, K. J.; Wake, Cameron P.; Ferris, D. G.; Campbell, Seth; Introne, D.; Handley, Michael; Birkel, S. D.

doi:10.1002/2017gl073697

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Research into Alaskan ice core dust has used satellite images and back trajectories to identify North Pacific atmospheric transport as a source of particulates to Alaska. [34,36,38] NOAA's HYSPLIT back trajectories corroborate published findings that a 10-day period is sufficient for air masses containing pollution from Asia to travel to the North Pacific and Alaska. [37,55] Pollution carried in these air masses could be deposited on glaciers through snow scavenging during a period of mass gain [53,56] or through permeation into supraglacial storage during a period of mass loss.…”

Section: Patterns Of Atmospheric Depositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The use of DDT has been recorded within the last decade in China, India and DPR Korea, [31,32] with atmospheric transport across the Pacific [19,33,34] and preferential OCP snow scavenging [13,35] increasing the likelihood of deposition onto Alaskan glaciers. [36][37][38] Recently retrieved ice core records from Interior Alaska indicate that the strengthening Aleutian low has resulted in increased snow deposition in the Alaska Range since 1840. [39] This increase of precipitation may allow for the greater success of OCP atmospheric scavenging and glacial deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Miner¹,

Campbell²,

Gerbi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across glacial meltwater and ice core samples we utilize solid-phase extraction technology and identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α-HCH and ϒ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7-14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and possibly associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight Malaria in Asia, and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice of this remote glacier, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for bioaccumulation of OCPs, in humans or animals, of glacially distributed pollutants may increase as glacial melt continues.

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Section: Patterns Of Atmospheric Depositionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Miner¹,

Campbell²,

Gerbi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…However, the high resolution of our Mt. Hunter chemical analyses (Osterberg et al, , ) and the rigorous geophysical characterization and flow modeling at the drill site (Campbell et al, ; Winski et al, ) give us high confidence in our reconstruction of annual accumulation (see the supporting information). We find that accumulation rates doubled from 1850 to present (Winski et al, ; see the supporting information), which is responsible for most of the discrepancy between melt percent and the other methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, previous work on winter‐biased Mt. Hunter archives (Osterberg et al, ; Winski et al, ) demonstrate that there is a wide spread among models in their ability to capture the magnitude of tropical teleconnections in the North Pacific. Improving agreement between North Pacific paleoclimate archives and gridded climate data sets is a potential area for future advances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 400‐Year Ice Core Melt Layer Record of Summertime Warming in the Alaska Range

et al. 2018

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Warming in high‐elevation regions has societally important impacts on glacier mass balance, water resources, and sensitive alpine ecosystems, yet very few high‐elevation temperature records exist from the middle or high latitudes. While a variety of paleoproxy records provide critical temperature records from low elevations over recent centuries, melt layers preserved in alpine glaciers present an opportunity to develop calibrated, annually resolved temperature records from high elevations. Here we present a 400‐year temperature proxy record based on the melt layer stratigraphy of two ice cores collected from Mt. Hunter in Denali National Park in the central Alaska Range. The ice core record shows a sixtyfold increase in water equivalent total annual melt between the preindustrial period (before 1850 Common Era) and present day. We calibrate the melt record to summer temperatures based on weather station data from the ice core drill site and find that the increase in melt production represents a summer warming rate of at least 1.92 ± 0.31°C per century during the last 100 years, exceeding rates of temperature increase at most low‐elevation sites in Alaska. The Mt. Hunter melt layer record is significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with surface temperatures in the central tropical Pacific through a Rossby wave‐like pattern that enhances high temperatures over Alaska. Our results show that rapid alpine warming has taken place in the Alaska Range for at least a century and that conditions in the tropical oceans contribute to this warming.

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“…These studies provide important insight into changes in production over millennial‐to‐million‐year time scales, but the slow deposition rate (~3 cm/ky) of pelagic Pacific sediments limits the temporal resolution of these data sets for providing late Holocene climate context (Lam et al, ; Revelle et al, ). Ice cores collected from North Pacific mountain glaciers provide subannual‐to‐decadal glaciochemical records of temperature, atmospheric circulation, pollution, volcanism, and dust deposition over the late Holocene (Fischer et al, ; Neff et al, ; Osterberg et al, , ; Zdanowicz et al, , ). Given their high temporal resolution and multiproxy capability, North Pacific alpine ice cores such as the new Denali ice core (Osterberg et al, ; Winski et al, ) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the long‐term context and cause(s) of the recent productivity declines in the North Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denali Ice Core Methanesulfonic Acid Records North Pacific Marine Primary Production

et al. 2018

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The high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll region of the northeastern (NE) subarctic Pacific is one of the most biologically productive marine ecosystems in the world, supporting fisheries worth over $5 billion annually. Phytoplankton are the primary producers in this ecosystem and are also a major source of biogenic sulfur emissions, important in Earth's climate system. However, variability in marine primary production through time is not well constrained. Here we establish methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentrations in the Denali ice core as a proxy for marine primary production in the NE Pacific. Using Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT; Stein et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1178/BAMS-D-14-00110.1) modeling, we identify moisture source regions for the core site and correlate Sea‐Viewing Wide Field‐of‐View Sensor‐derived chlorophyll a concentrations with ice core MSA. From 1998 to 2007 we find that areas of significant positive correlation overlap with the HYSPLIT‐inferred moisture source region in the western Gulf of Alaska on an annual basis (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). We identify an MSA response to a localized bloom related to ash deposition from a 2009 Mt. Redoubt eruption. An anomalous upwelling‐driven bloom in spring 2008 did not impact the ice core MSA record due to unfavorable transport conditions. Despite this, we observe that bloom events are rarely missed in the MSA record, which we attribute to the consistent and high snow accumulation rate at the ice core drill site. Our findings suggest that Denali ice core MSA is a reliable recorder of changes in marine primary production through time in the NE subarctic Pacific.

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The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification

Cited by 56 publications

References 45 publications

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range

A 400‐Year Ice Core Melt Layer Record of Summertime Warming in the Alaska Range

Denali Ice Core Methanesulfonic Acid Records North Pacific Marine Primary Production

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