The 118 GHz ECRH experiment on Tore Supra

Darbos, C.; Magne, R.; Alberti, S.; Barbuti, A.; Berger‐By, G.; Bouquey, F.; Cara, Ph.; Clary, J.; Courtois, L.; Dümont, R.; Giguet, E.; Gil, Daniel Izquierdo; Giruzzi, G.; Jung, Matthias; Goff, Y. Le; Legrand, François; Lennholm, M.; Lievin, C.; Peysson, Y.; Roux, D.P.; Thumm, M.; Wagner, T.; Tran, M.Q.; Zou, X.L.

doi:10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00579-8

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Prior to delivery, the series tube passed the factory acceptance tests at the TED test stand, supplying 500 kW for 5 s. Long pulse acceptance testing followed at CEA Cadarache. The Frequency 117.7 GHz Output power @ pulse length (+) 500 kW@ 5 s, 400 kW@ up to 600 s Cathode Voltage 81. maximum pulse length achieved was 110 s with a power of 300 kW [2,13]. The pulse length limitation manifested itself by a strong degassing inside the gyrotron.…”

Section: Power Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the electron cyclotron angular frequency ω ce is defined in (2), ω pe = n e e 2 /ε 0 m e is the electron plasma angular frequency, n e the plasma density and α the angle between the wave propagation direction and the magnetic field. The coordinate system used in the above equations is defined by • z in the direction of the injected beam,…”

Section: Influence Of the Polarization Of The Injected Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

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The ECRH/ECCD system on Tore Supra, a major step towards continuous operation

et al. 2003

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The 118 GHz electron cyclotron heating and current drive (ECRH/ECCD) system under development in Cadarache, France, for use on the Tore Supra tokamak (Pain M. et al 1994 Proc. 18th SOFT (Karlsruhe) pp 481-4: Darbos C. et al 2000 Proc. 21st SOFT (Madrid) pp 605-9), is designed to launch 2.4 MW of power for up to 10 min into the plasma. At present two out of six gyrotrons are installed and available for injection of up to 800 kW. This paper concentrates on the generation and transmission of the ECRH/ECCD power for very long pulse operation. The power is injected into the plasma as Gaussian beams by an antenna which, using actively cooled mirrors inside the Tore Supra vacuum vessel, allows extensive control of both the poloidal and toroidal injection angles. The toroidal field on Tore Supra is normally in the range of 3.8-4 T, which for 118 GHz gives almost central deposition at the fundamental electron cyclotron resonance. A pair of actively cooled corrugated mirrors is installed in each matching optics unit at the output of each gyrotron allowing complete control of the polarization of the wave transmitted to the antenna, with the result that pure O-mode-or pure X-mode-power injection can be achieved for all injection angles. In tokamak experiments, a world record energy of 17.8 MJ has been injected into the plasma. New upgraded gyrotrons specified to produce 400 kW for up to 10 min will be introduced over the next 3-4 years.

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Section: Power Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of the Polarization Of The Injected Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

The ECRH/ECCD system on Tore Supra, a major step towards continuous operation

et al. 2003

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“…Single-mode mm-wave gyrotron oscillators capable of high average power, 0.1-1 MW, in long pulse or CW operation, are currently under development in several scientific and industrial laboratories [10,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Table 1 summarizes the performance parameters of modern gyrotrons for ECRH in the frequency range from 28 to 85 GHz and 95 GHz gyrotrons for active denial systems which also could be used for ECRH.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Of Fusion Gyrotronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JAEA in Japan is testing a 137/170 GHz 1.4 MW two-frequency long-pulse gyrotron operating in the TE 25,9 and TE 31,11 modes, respectively [32].…”

Section: B Tunable Multi-frequency Gyrotronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments on High-Power Gyrotrons—Introduction to This Special Issue

Thumm

2010

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Gyrotrons with output powers of several 100 kW are mainly used as high-power millimeter (mm)-wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), stability control and diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. Other applications include ECR ion sources, materials processing and plasma chemistry, high-resolution Doppler radar, radar ranging and imaging in atmospheric and planetary science, active denial systems, as well as detection of concealed radioactive materials. The present review summarizes the status of recent developments on high-power gyrotrons and introduces this Special Issue on Gyrotrons.

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“…Furthermore, the discs for WG31 can be thinner (the smaller diameter window has lower pressure forces), reducing the price even further. The CVD window unit price for the WG31 [19], DIII-D [20], LHD [21], Tore Supra [22], and TCV [23]. The table includes the waveguide diameter ( WG ), maximum gyrotron output power (P gyro ) and pulse lengths (t), the number of lines with the number of mitre bends, overall line length and transmission efficiency.…”

Section: Optimizing the Ecrh Transmission Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ITER-relevant evacuated waveguide transmission system for the JET-EP ECRH project

et al. 2003

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An over-moded evacuated waveguide line was chosen for use in the transmission system for the proposed JET-enhanced performance project (JET-EP) electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. A comparison between the quasi-optical, atmospheric waveguide and evacuated waveguide systems was performed for the project with a strong emphasis placed on the technical and financial aspects. The evacuated waveguide line was chosen as the optimal system in light of the above criteria. The system includes six lines of 63.5 mm waveguide for transmitting 6.0 MW(10 s) at 113.3 GHz from the gyrotrons to the launching antenna. The designed lines are on average 72 m in length and consist of nine mitre bends, for an estimated transmission efficiency of ∼90%. Each line is designed to include an evacuated switch leading to a calorimetric load, two dc breaks, two gate valves, one pumpout tee, a power monitor mitre bend and a double-disc CVD window near the torus. The location of waveguide support is positioned to minimize the power converted to higher-order modes from waveguide sagging and misalignment. The two gate valves and CVD window are designed to be used as tritium barriers at the torus and between the J1T and J1D buildings. The last leg of the waveguide leading to the torus has to be designed to accommodate the torus movement during disruptions and thermal cycles. All lines are also designed to be compatible with the ITER ECRH system operating at 170 GHz.

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The 118 GHz ECRH experiment on Tore Supra

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

The ECRH/ECCD system on Tore Supra, a major step towards continuous operation

The ECRH/ECCD system on Tore Supra, a major step towards continuous operation

Recent Developments on High-Power Gyrotrons—Introduction to This Special Issue

An ITER-relevant evacuated waveguide transmission system for the JET-EP ECRH project

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