The 11-cis Retinal Origins of Lipofuscin in the Retina

Adler, Leopold; Boyer, Nicholas P.; Chen, Chunhe; Crouch, Rosalie K.; Koutalos, Yiannis

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.022

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, awareness of the patterns of lipofuscin could make it easier to distinguish from relevant positive immunofluorescence within eccrine glands (Table ). Lipofuscin is a fluorescent mixture of partially digested proteins and lipids that accumulate with age in the lysosomal compartment of post‐mitotic cells, such as retinal pigment epithelium of the eye . In this study, we noted a higher proportion of cases with lipofuscin in BP than in PV may be related to the older onset age of BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Diagnostic value of eccrine glands and hair follicles in direct immunofluorescent analysis of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid

Zhou

Elston

2016

J Cutan Pathol

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The immunofluorescence pattern in adnexal structures may be of value, especially when the epidermis is not well represented in diagnostic sections. We studied a total of 88 cases of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) accessioned between 2010 and 2015 (40 cases of PV and 48 cases of BP). Immunofluorescence patterns and sensitivity in adnexal structures were similar to those observed in the epidermis. One case of PV and three cases of BP showed weak or absent fluorescence in the epidermis, while the eccrine glands were strongly positive, suggesting that careful examination of adnexal structures can be of value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Diagnostic value of eccrine glands and hair follicles in direct immunofluorescent analysis of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid

Zhou

Elston

2016

J Cutan Pathol

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“…The relationship among blue light, generated toxic products (atRal, A2E, lipofuscin) and degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt’s disease and others [ 54 , 57 , 58 ], makes it necessary to control the amount of radiation that the human retina receives. These reasons are especially important given our current lifestyles, both from a technological point of view (the use of blue LED on mobile terminals, screens, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure

et al. 2018

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Light causes damage to the retina (phototoxicity) and decreases photoreceptor responses to light. The most harmful component of visible light is the blue wavelength (400–500 nm). Different filters have been tested, but so far all of them allow passing a lot of this wavelength (70%). The aim of this work has been to prove that a filter that removes 94% of the blue component may protect the function and morphology of the retina significantly. Three experimental groups were designed. The first group was unexposed to light, the second one was exposed and the third one was exposed and protected by a blue-blocking filter. Light damage was induced in young albino mice (p30) by exposing them to white light of high intensity (5,000 lux) continuously for 7 days. Short wavelength light filters were used for light protection. The blue component was removed (94%) from the light source by our filter. Electroretinographical recordings were performed before and after light damage. Changes in retinal structure were studied using immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL labeling. Also, cells in the outer nuclear layer were counted and compared among the three different groups. Functional visual responses were significantly more conserved in protected animals (with the blue-blocking filter) than in unprotected animals. Also, retinal structure was better kept and photoreceptor survival was greater in protected animals, these differences were significant in central areas of the retina. Still, functional and morphological responses were significantly lower in protected than in unexposed groups. In conclusion, this blue-blocking filter decreases significantly photoreceptor damage after exposure to high intensity light. Actually, our eyes are exposed for a very long time to high levels of blue light (screens, artificial light LED, neons…). The potential damage caused by blue light can be palliated.

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“…Oxidation of this protein was speculated to disrupt its function, which consists in shutting down light-activated rhodopsin [20,41]. Arrestin malfunction is expected to accelerate accumulation of all-trans -retinal and its light-sensitive toxic metabolites (retinoids) in photoreceptor discs under conditions of excessive light stimuli [67,68,69,70]. Photoreceptor discs are known to be recycled by the RPE cells, which would thereby be exposed to retinoid toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Light-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Retina by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant

et al. 2018

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Light-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins provokes retinal injuries and results in progression of degenerative retinal diseases, such as, for instance, iatrogenic photic maculopathies. Having accumulated over years retinal injuries contribute to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidant treatment is regarded as a promising approach to protecting the retina from light damage and AMD. Here, we examine oxidative processes induced in rabbit retina by excessive light illumination with or without premedication using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6’-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenyl-phosphonium). The retinal extracts obtained from animals euthanized within 1–7 days post exposure were analyzed for H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using colorimetric and luminescence assays. Oxidation of visual arrestin was monitored by immunoblotting. The light exposure induced lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation in the retinal cells. Unexpectedly, it prominently upregulated AOA in retinal extracts although SOD and GPx activities were compromised. These alterations were accompanied by accumulation of disulfide dimers of arrestin revealing oxidative stress in the photoreceptors. Premedication of the eyes with SkQ1 accelerated normalization of H2O2 levels and redox-status of lipids and proteins, contemporarily enhancing AOA and, likely, sustaining normal activity of GPx. Thus, SkQ1 protects the retina from light-induced oxidative stress and could be employed to suppress oxidative damage of proteins and lipids contributing to AMD.

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The 11-cis Retinal Origins of Lipofuscin in the Retina

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Diagnostic value of eccrine glands and hair follicles in direct immunofluorescent analysis of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid

Diagnostic value of eccrine glands and hair follicles in direct immunofluorescent analysis of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid

Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure

Suppression of Light-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Retina by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant

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