The 1-min animal test as a mental status screening examination in patients with diabetes

Abstract

BackgroundDetecting and treating dementia at an early stage are important. Although the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) is commonly used to detect dementia, it takes about 10 min to complete. In contrast, the 1-min animal test (OMAT) takes only 1 min to complete and may be a helpful screening test for general practitioners in deciding whether to proceed with administering further diagnostic tests such as the HDS-R. We sought to examine the relationship between the OMAT and HDS-R scores, and determine the cut-off OMAT score that balanced the sensitivity and specificity in identifying HDS-R-positive patients.MethodsA total of 122 consecutive patients with diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic at the Fujiidera Municipal Hospital were enrolled. The patients underwent the OMAT and HDS-R on the same day. Tests were conducted in a single-blinded manner. The relationship between the OMAT and HDS-R scores was examined using Spearman’s rank correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the optimal cut-off score of OMAT that will determine whether to proceed with further diagnostic tests.ResultsA strong positive correlation between the OMAT and HDS-R scores was observed (r = 0.70). The sensitivity and specificity of OMAT using cut-off scores of 12/13, 13/14, and 14/15 for HDS-R-positive patients were 0.87 and 0.66, 1.00 and 0.51, and 1.00 and 0.40, respectively among all the subjects. Similar results were obtained in a subgroup of subjects aged ≥ 65 years.ConclusionsA cut-off score of 13/14 on the OMAT balanced the sensitivity closest to 1.00 and allowed for the highest specificity for the HDS-R not only among all the patients, but also among just the patients aged ≥ 65 years. The OMAT may be an optimal screening test to determine whether to proceed with further diagnosis using HDS-R.Trial registration UMIN UMIN000025260. This study is retrospectively registered on December 13th, 2016

Association between anemia, physical performance and cognitive function in Iranian elderly people: evidence from Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program

“…This CFT requires the participant to name as many examples of the category “animal” as possible within 1 min. A previous report has shown that a cut-off score of 13/14 on the CFT was able to distinguish patients with AD from control subjects with a sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 0.81 [ 21 ].…”

Dementia and the History of Disease in Older Adults in Community

“…Multi-morbidity is a common situation among older adults [22] . The older people are more likely to be suffering from one or more co-existing diseases such as hypertension, [24] diabetes, [25] stroke,[26] and respiratory system diseases, [27] and these diseases have been proved to be related to dementia.…”

Dementia and the history of disease in older adults in community

“…The Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) was applied to older adults as a Dementia Screening Instrument. It is widely used all over the world as a common diagnostic test for dementia [ 37 ]. This scale consists of 9 simple questions with a total score of 30 points, including age, time orientation, location orientation, instant recall, continuous reduction, recall digits backward, recalling three words, retelling five objects, and stating the names of vegetables [ 38 ].…”