THC and CBD effects on alcohol use among alcohol and cannabis co-users.

Karoly, Hollis C.; Mueller, Raeghan L.; Andrade, Chrysta C; Hutchison, Kent E.

doi:10.1037/adb0000706

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“… 77 In a second quasi-experimental study of persons who used cannabis and alcohol, those assigned to purchase and consume CBD products ad libitum, compared to THC or CBD+THC products, reported fewer drinking days and consumed fewer drinks on drinking days. 107 However, there were no differences on either outcome in the groups that were assigned THC compared to THC+CBD, suggesting that CBD does not attenuate the effects of THC on drinking frequency or quantity. 107 This study, although preliminary and not placebo controlled, suggests that use of cannabis products primarily containing CBD is associated with less drinking than use of products containing THC or CBD+THC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“… 107 However, there were no differences on either outcome in the groups that were assigned THC compared to THC+CBD, suggesting that CBD does not attenuate the effects of THC on drinking frequency or quantity. 107 This study, although preliminary and not placebo controlled, suggests that use of cannabis products primarily containing CBD is associated with less drinking than use of products containing THC or CBD+THC. This reduction in drinking may be explained by the therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system in reducing negative affect among those with AUD or alcohol-related problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For instance, cannabis formulations, including specific cannabinoids (i.e., THC versus CBD), and potency may play a role in whether cannabis acts as a substitute for or a complement to alcohol use, as more compelling preliminary evidence exists that CBD (versus THC) may act as a substitute for alcohol. 98 , 99 , 107 , 113 This evidence is preliminary, however, and additional research and results from ongoing clinical trials are needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the therapeutic potential of CBD in the treatment of AUD and alcohol-related problems.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use: Substitution Versus Complementary Effects

Gunn

2122

ARCR

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PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the literature regarding the concurrent use (co-use) of alcohol and cannabis and competing hypotheses as to whether cannabis acts as a substitute for (i.e., replacing the effects of alcohol, resulting in decreased use) or a complement to (i.e., used to enhance the effects of alcohol, resulting in increased use) alcohol. The impact of cannabis use on alcohol-related outcomes has received increased attention in the wake of ongoing legalization of cannabis for both medical and recreational purposes. Evidence for both hypotheses exists in the literature across a broad range of data collection methods and samples and is carefully reviewed here. In addition, various mechanisms by which cannabis may act as an alcohol substitute or complement are explored in depth with the goal of better understanding equivocal findings. SEARCH METHODS This review includes articles that were identified from a search for studies on alcohol and cannabis co-use, with a specific focus on studies exploring complementary versus substitution aspects of co-use. Search terms were included in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were those that measured alcohol and cannabis co-use in human samples in laboratory, survey, or ecological momentary assessment studies, or that directly referenced substitution or complementary patterns of use. SEARCH RESULTS Search results returned 650 articles, with 95 meeting inclusion criteria. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Results of this review reveal compelling evidence for both substitution and complementary effects, suggesting nuanced yet significant distinctions across different populations examined in these studies. Several mechanisms for the impact of cannabis use on alcohol-related outcomes are identified, including patterns and context of co-use, timing and order of use, cannabinoid formulation, pharmacokinetic interactions, and user characteristics (including diagnostic status), all of which may influence substitution versus complementary effects. This review will inform future research studies examining this topic in both clinical and community samples and aid in the development of treatment and prevention efforts targeting those populations most vulnerable to negative consequences of co-use. Finally, this review highlights the need for additional research in more diverse samples and the use of mixed-methods designs to examine both pharmacological and contextual influences on co-use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Conclusion and Recommendations For Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use: Substitution Versus Complementary Effects

Gunn

2122

ARCR

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“…The strong association of polydrug use with alcohol and cannabis products presents the possibility of self-medicating for AUD with cannabis and developing CUD. 18 , 172 , 173 Further research on the eCB pathways may facilitate the modulation of the eCB system as a target for future AUD treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synaptic Interactions of Alcohol and the Endogenous Cannabinoid System

Wolfe¹

2022

ARCR

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“…However, human studies of the effects of CBD administration on alcohol consumption are lacking. The study by Karoly et al (2021) represents an important step toward addressing this gap using a creative quasiexperimental, naturalistic design. Adults from the community who used cannabis and reported light drinking (<4 days per week and no heavy drinking episodes) were randomly assigned to use a cannabis product with a low, medium, or high CBD:THC ratio for 5 days and reported how much alcohol they consumed over the same period.…”

Section: Patterns Predictors and Short- And Long-term Outcomes Of Co-usementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of alcohol and cannabis: Introduction to the special issue.

Linden-Carmichael¹,

Wardell²

2021

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Combined use of alcohol and cannabis has increased in recent years among certain age groups, and it is well established that individuals who use both alcohol and cannabis (especially if they use both at the same time) are at increased risk for substance-related harms relative to individuals who use only one substance. Far less attention has been placed on the patterns, predictors, and psychological processes associated with alcohol and cannabis co-use, which may inform prevention and intervention programming. Accordingly, this special issue was assembled to advance our understanding of the characteristics and consequences of combined use of alcohol and cannabis. Method: In this introductory article, the Guest Editors present the background for this work and provide an overview of the 14 articles that comprise this special issue. Results: Studies contained in this special issue capitalize on a variety of methodologies, with a particular focus on investigating typologies of alcohol and cannabis co-use, clarifying motivational and social contexts of co-use, and tracking co-use in daily life via daily diary and ecological momentary assessment designs. Experimental and neuroimaging examinations of co-use are also included. Collectively, the studies generally provide evidence that combined use of alcohol and cannabis is associated with unique characteristics, predictors, consequences, and psychological processes relative to single-substance use. Conclusions:The studies in this special issue provide new insight into combined use of alcohol and cannabis. They also highlight a number of promising avenues for future inquiry as the literature on alcohol and cannabis co-use continues to grow. Public Health Significance StatementThe studies in this special issue suggest that combined use of alcohol and cannabis is associated with unique characteristics, predictors, outcomes, and psychological processes that distinguish this behavior from use of cannabis or alcohol alone. Findings from these studies provide new insight into the combined use of alcohol and cannabis that may inform interventions and suggest several avenues for future research.

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THC and CBD effects on alcohol use among alcohol and cannabis co-users.

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Patterns of Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use: Substitution Versus Complementary Effects

Patterns of Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use: Substitution Versus Complementary Effects

The Synaptic Interactions of Alcohol and the Endogenous Cannabinoid System

Combined use of alcohol and cannabis: Introduction to the special issue.

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