Thaumatin-Like Protein-1 Gene (<i>Bx-tlp-1</i>) Is Associated with the Pathogenicity of<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>

Meng, Fanli; Li, Yongxia; Wang, Xuan; Feng, Yuqian; Liu, Zhenkai; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Xingyao

doi:10.1094/phyto-03-19-0082-r

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies revealed the relatively high similarity between the Bx-TLP (Bx-CPI) and Pm-TLP (Pm-CPI) sequences, indicative of a similarity in their functions ( Wang et al, 2014 ; Meng et al, 2017 , 2020 , 2022 ). Moreover, the expression of B. xylophilus genes encoding potential molecular mimicry proteins ( Bx-tlp-1 , Bx-tlp-2 , and Bx-cpi ) is responsive to α-pinene, which may affect terpene metabolism in pine trees and influence the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus ( Meng et al, 2019 , 2020 , 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Encoding Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins as the Specific Targets for Detecting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays

Meng

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The introduction of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) to new areas has affected the international forestry industry because this pathogen causes pine wilt disease (PWD). Therefore, methods for the accurate and reliable detection of B. xylophilus are essential for controlling and managing this pest. The PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) techniques developed in this study involve species-specific primer sets targeting B. xylophilus genes encoding potential molecular mimicry proteins (Bx-tlp-1, Bx-tlp-2, and Bx-cpi), which are associated with pathogenicity. The PCR and LAMP results revealed that the primers were specific for B. xylophilus Bx-tlp-1, Bx-tlp-2, and Bx-cpi. Moreover, our LAMP assay targeting Bx-tlp-1 conducted at 63°C detected B. xylophilus within 20 min and B. xylophilus from Monochamus alternatus or M. saltuarius within 30 min. The lower limits of detection for the LAMP and PCR assays were 10 pg and 10 ng genomic DNA, respectively, implying these assays may be useful for the rapid detection of B. xylophilus in pine forests. Designing primers specific for Bx-tlp-1, Bx-tlp-2, and Bx-cpi enabled the relatively rapid detection of B. xylophilus isolates as well as M. alternatus or M. saltuarius carrying B. xylophilus. These primers, which were designed following a thorough functional analysis of key B. xylophilus pathogenicity-related genes, may be useful for developing improved assays for the early diagnosis and prevention of PWD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes Encoding Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins as the Specific Targets for Detecting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays

Meng

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Furthermore, thaumatin in these plants may have a role in activating other plant defense pathways, including the production of phenylpropanoid and phytoalexin [ 43 ]. Silencing Bx-TH1 by RNAi inhibited the ability of PWNs to induce cavitation in pine trees after inoculation [ 44 ]. Using tobacco plants, we conducted functional analyses of both Bx-TH1 and Bx-TH2 and clearly showed that both molecules could induce hypersensitive cell death in these plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thaumatin-like proteins and a cysteine protease inhibitor secreted by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana

Kirino

Shinya

2020

PLoS ONE

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Pine wilt disease (PWD) is an infectious disease of pines that typically kills affected trees. The causal pathogen of PWD is the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Understanding of the disease has advanced in recent years through the use of a highly sensitive proteomics procedure and whole genome sequence analysis; in combination, these approaches have enabled identification of proteins secreted by PWNs. However, the roles of these proteins during the onset of parasitism have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used a leaf-disk assay based on transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana to allow functional screening of 10 candidate pathogenic proteins secreted by PWNs. These proteins were selected based on previous secretome and RNA-seq analyses. We found that five molecules induced significant cell death in tobacco plants relative to a GFP-only control. Three of these proteins (Bx-TH1, Bx-TH2, and Bx-CPI) may have a role in molecular mimicry and likely make important contributions to inducing hypersensitive responses in host plants.

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“…The results provided the possibility for the Bx-TLP-2 and Bx-CPI to be molecular mimicry proteins or effectors. It was also reported that B. xylophilus TLP (Bx-TLP-1) may function as an effector molecule that can manipulate plant hosts [47]. The similarity of these secreted proteins to plant proteins suggests that they may mimic the components of the host plant defense systems, and may be attributed to the competitive co-evolution between nematodes and hosts, or a close ancestor of nematodes and its host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins Responsive to α-pinene in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Meng

Liu

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a nematode species that has damaged pine trees worldwide, but its pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. α-pinene helps protect host species during the early B. xylophilus infection and colonization stages. In this study, we identified potential molecular mimicry proteins based on a comparative transcriptomic analysis of B. xylophilus. The expression levels of three genes encoding secreted B. xylophilus proteins were influenced by α-pinene. We cloned one gene encoding a thaumatin-like protein, Bx-tlp-2 (accession number MK000287), and another gene encoding a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, Bx-cpi (accession number MK000288). Additionally, α-pinene appeared to induce Bx-tlp-1 expression, but had the opposite effect on Bx-cpi expression. An analysis of the expression of the potential molecular mimicry proteins in B. xylophilus infecting pine trees revealed that the α-pinene content was consistent with the expression levels of Bx-tlp-1 (Bx-cpi) and Pm-tlp (Pm-cpi) over time. Thus, these genes likely have important roles contributing to the infection of pine species by B. xylophilus. The results of this study may be relevant for future investigations of the functions of Bx-tlp-1, Bx-tlp-2 and Bx-cpi, which may provide a point to explore the relationship between B. xylophilus and host pines.

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Thaumatin-Like Protein-1 Gene (Bx-tlp-1) Is Associated with the Pathogenicity ofBursaphelenchus xylophilus

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Genes Encoding Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins as the Specific Targets for Detecting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays

Genes Encoding Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins as the Specific Targets for Detecting Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays

Thaumatin-like proteins and a cysteine protease inhibitor secreted by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana

Potential Molecular Mimicry Proteins Responsive to α-pinene in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

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