That Avatar Is Looking at Me! Social Inhibition in Virtual Worlds

Hayes, Austen; Ulinski, Amy; Hodges, Larry F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15892-6_49

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A body of work also explores giving novel experiences in VR to change our social belief structures [20,27]. For example, literature explores changes in perception arising from making people old or young [4], black or white [24], or short or tall [45].…”

Section: Perception -Re-orienting Social Belief Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dream is Collapsing

Knibbe

Schjerlund

Petræus

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Research on virtual reality (VR) has studied users' experience of immersion, presence, simulator sickness, and learning effects. However, the momentary experience of exiting VR and transitioning back to the real-world is not well understood. Do users become self-conscious of their actions upon exit? Are users nervous of their surroundings? Using explicitation interviews, we explore the moment of exit from VR across four applications. Analysis of the interviews reveals five components of experience: space, control, sociality, time, and sensory adaptation. Participants described spatial disorientation, for example, regardless of the complexity of the VR scene. Participants also described a window across which they exit VR, for example mentally first and then physically. We present six designs for easing or heightening the exit experience, as described by the participants. Based on these findings, we further discuss the 'moment of exit' as an opportunity for designing engaging and enhanced VR experiences.

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Section: Perception -Re-orienting Social Belief Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dream is Collapsing

Knibbe

Schjerlund

Petræus

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies have shown that the social rules that are established in human-to-human communications are also prevalent in human-tocomputer settings. Some of the social interplays that have been observed empirically in humancomputer experiments are the stereotype effect (Liew, Tan, & Jayothisa, 2013), inhibition/facilitation effect (Hayes, Ulinski, & Hodges, 2010;Zanbaka, Ulinski, Goolkasian, & Hodges, 2007), politeness effect (Wang et al, 2008), similarity attraction (Nass & Lee, 2001), empathy (Guadagno, Swinth, & Blascovich, 2011) and the venting effect (Klein, Moon, & Picard, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment

Liew

Zin

Sahari

et al. 2016

IRRODL

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The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that a smiling expression on the face of a talking pedagogical agent could positively affect a learner's emotions, motivation, and learning outcomes in a virtual learning environment. Contrary to the hypothesis, results from Experiment 1 demonstrated that the pedagogical agent's smile induced negative emotional and motivational responses in learners.Experiment 2 showed that the social meaning of a pedagogical agent's smile might be perceived by learners as polite or fake. In addition, qualitative data provided insights into factors that may cause negative perceptions of a pedagogical agent's smile, which in turn lead to negative affective (emotional and motivational) states in learners. Theoretical and design implications for pedagogical agents in virtual learning environment are discussed in the concluding section of the paper.

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“…What has to be underlined is that the aforementioned studies are the only ones in which any effect was found, while the rest failed to show it (Baldwin et al, 2015;Hayes, Ulinski, & Hodges, 2010;Pan & Hamilton, 2015). We think that such inconclusiveness and contradiction may be the result of some methodological shortcomings, which will be described below.…”

Section: Social Facilitation Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

Can Virtual Observers Affect Our Behavior? Social Facilitation in Virtual Environments: A Mini-Review

Sterna¹,

Strojny

Rębilas

2019

SPB

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The social facilitation effect describes the change in the performance of the task under the influence of the presence of observers. The effect itself consists of two components: social facilitation in simple tasks and social inhibition in complex tasks. In the context of the dynamic development of new technologies, the question of the possible influence on human behavior by virtual characters gains importance. We attempted to critically describe and summarize current research on social facilitation in order to answer the question of whether it occurs in virtual environments. We found 13 relevant studies, 3 of which demonstrated social facilitation, 4 social inhibition and 1 demonstrated the whole effect. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are ambiguous. Firstly, we identified that 12 out of 13 analyzed studies failed to show the whole effect. Secondly, we encountered several shortcomings of the summarized research that further complicated its interpretation. The shortcomings: presence of the researcher, unclear usage of “agent” and “avatar”, evaluation of activation, no pilot tests of observers and no description of how their characteristics are generated, among others, are discussed. Furthermore, we investigated the effect sizes and their variability. The average effect size for social facilitation was g = 0.18, CI [-0.28; 0.64] and for social inhibition g = -0.18, CI [-0.40; 0.04]. In social facilitation, a substantial level of heterogeneity was detected. Finally, we conclude that it is still too early to provide a definite answer to the question of whether social facilitation exists in Virtual Environments. We recommend limiting evaluation activation to the lowest possible level, conducting pilot tests prior to the experiment, avoiding the presence of the researcher in the experimental room and a clear distinction of “agent” and “avatar”, as measures to achieve a better quality in future research.

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That Avatar Is Looking at Me! Social Inhibition in Virtual Worlds

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

The Dream is Collapsing

The Dream is Collapsing

The Effects of a Pedagogical Agent’s Smiling Expression on the Learner’s Emotions and Motivation in a Virtual Learning Environment

Can Virtual Observers Affect Our Behavior? Social Facilitation in Virtual Environments: A Mini-Review

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