Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

Genchi, Giuseppe; Carocci, Alessia; Lauria, Graziantonio; Sinicropi, Maria Stefania; Catalano, Alessia

doi:10.3390/app11188322

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thallium with preferential application in the industry [199,200] exerts a high degree of toxicity in humans [201][202][203] and animals [204]. This why thallium use in households has been forbidden in the US in 1965 and banned commercially in 1975 [199], a few countries subsequently also restricted its use [200]. Known as a historical environmental pollutant, thallium is found in the attic dust [109], while not analyzed in municipal solid waste landfills [68], but currently also detected in electronic waste [205], soil, water, and atmosphere [206], and a known contaminant in herbal medicine products [151] and edible plants [206].…”

Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known as a historical environmental pollutant, thallium is found in the attic dust [109], while not analyzed in municipal solid waste landfills [68], but currently also detected in electronic waste [205], soil, water, and atmosphere [206], and a known contaminant in herbal medicine products [151] and edible plants [206]. In industry, thallium is used in the semiconductor branch, in optical lenses, and 201 Thallium chloride as one of its isotopes for cardiovascular scintigraphy to detect stenosing vascular heart disease [200]. Now forbidden in Western countries due to human poisoning risks, thallium sulfate was previously applied in the household as rodenticide and insecticide [199,200].…”

Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps

Teschke

Xuan

2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, thallium, titanium, zinc, carbon tetrachloride, phthalates, glyphosate, alcohol, drugs, and herbs are under discussion having the potential to injure the human liver, but allocation of the injury to the hepatotoxicant as exact cause is difficult for physicians and requires basic clinical knowledge of toxicology details. Liver injury occurs at a variable extent depending on the dose, mostly reproducible in animal models that allow studies on molecular steps leading to the hepatocellular injury. These exogenous hepatotoxins may cause an overproduction of reactive oxidative species (ROS), which are generated during microsomal or mitochondrial oxidative stress from incomplete oxygen split and trigger the injury if protective antioxidant capacities are reduced. Primary subcelluar target organelles involved are liver mitochondria through lipid peroxidation of membrane structures and the action of free radicals such as singlet radical 1 O2, superoxide radical HO•2, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, hydroxyl radical HO•, alkoxyl radical RO•, and peroxyl radical ROO•. They attempt covalent binding to macromolecular structural proteins. As opposed to inorganic chemicals, liver injury due to chemicals with an organic structure proceedes via the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 with its different isoforms. In sum, many exogenous chemicals may have the potential of liver injury triggerd by overproduced ROS leading primarily to impairment of mitochondial functions in the course of structural mitochondial membrane dearrangement. As clinical data were often incomplete, future clinical prototols should focus on meeting liver injury criteria, exclusion of alternative causes, a robust causality evaluation management, and obtaining liver histology if clinically indicated and of benefit for the patient.

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Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps

Teschke

Xuan

2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…Therefore, the removal of these challenging task for the scientific community. In the past, many exp ical, and biochemical approaches have been used for the removal o termining the alteration of soil properties and disturbing the soil m diation is an eco-friendly, green, cheap, and safer technology that remove toxic and radioactive metals and organic pollutants (pestic lizers, and detergents) from the environment [92,93]. The results o al.…”

Section: Arsenic Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, many expensive physical, chemical, and biochemical approaches have been used for the removal of arsenic from soil determining the alteration of soil properties and disturbing the soil microflora. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly, green, cheap, and safer technology that makes use of plants to remove toxic and radioactive metals and organic pollutants (pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and detergents) from the environment [92,93]. The results obtained by Ahmad et al (2018) [94] at the Botanical Garten (University of the Punjab, Lahore) revealed that Eucalyptus camadulensis L., Terminalia arjuna L., and Salix tetrasperma L. can be used for arsenic phytoremediation.…”

Section: Arsenic Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic: A Review on a Great Health Issue Worldwide

et al. 2022

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Arsenic intoxication represents a worldwide health problem and occurs mainly through drinking water. Arsenic, a metalloid and naturally occurring element, is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust, whose toxicity depends on the reduction state. The trivalent arsenicals are more toxic than the pentavalent arsenicals. In the trivalent state, inorganic and organic arsenic may react with thiol groups in proteins inhibiting their activity, whereas inorganic arsenic in the pentavalent state may replace phosphate ions in several reactions. Arsenic induces various epigenetic changes in mammalian cells, both in vivo and in vitro, often leading to the development of various types of cancers, including skin, lung, liver, urinary tract, prostate, and hematopoietic cancers. Potential mechanisms of arsenic toxicity in cancer include genotoxicity, altered DNA methylation and cell proliferation, co-carcinogenesis, tumor promotion, and oxidative stress. On the other hand, the FDA-certified drug arsenic trioxide provides solutions for various diseases, including several types of cancers. Detoxification from arsenic includes chelation therapy. Recently, investigations of the capability of some plants, such as Eucalyptus camadulensis L., Terminalia arjuna L. and Salix tetrasperma L., to remove arsenic from polluted soil and water have been studied. Moreover, nanophytoremediation is a green technology including the nanoscale materials used for absorption and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as arsenic compounds. This brief review represents an overview of arsenic uses, toxicity, epigenetics, and detoxification therapies.

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A unique investigation of thallium, tellurium, osmium, and other heavy metals in recurrent pregnancy loss: A novel approach

Tabassum

Alrashed

Alanazi

et al. 2022

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To study the impact of heavy metals especially tellurium, thallium, and osmium, in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and to study their association with antioxidant status and DNA damage. Methods This case–control study included women with RPL (n = 30) and healthy pregnant women as control (n = 30). Following blood collection, serum levels of thallium, tellurium, osmium, lead, mercury, and cadmium were estimated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer. Results Women with RPL exhibited significantly higher levels of heavy metals (P < 0.001) when compared with control women. Intriguingly, increased levels of serum thallium, tellurium, osmium, and lead were negatively correlated with total antioxidant status (P < 0.05). Further, the RPL group demonstrated strong positive correlation between heavy metals (thallium, tellurium, osmium, lead) and DNA damage (P < 0.05). No significant correlation between other heavy metals and markers of cellular damage was noted. Conclusion Enhanced levels of heavy metals in women with RPL and correlation of thallium, tellurium, osmium, and lead with markers of cellular damage reflect the role of heavy metal poisoning, especially thallium, tellurium, and osmium, as potential risk factor in the etiology underlying recurrent miscarriage.

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Thallium Use, Toxicity, and Detoxification Therapy: An Overview

Cited by 49 publications

References 67 publications

Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps

Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps

Arsenic: A Review on a Great Health Issue Worldwide

A unique investigation of thallium, tellurium, osmium, and other heavy metals in recurrent pregnancy loss: A novel approach

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