Thailand--lighting up a dark market: British American tobacco, sports sponsorship and the circumvention of legislation

MacKenzie, Ross; Collin, Jeff; Sriwongcharoen, K

doi:10.1136/jech.2005.042432

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(10 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 Research worldwide suggests that marketers shift to other promotional methods (e.g., sports sponsorship) or creative strategies (e.g., advertising from a neighboring country) to circumvent governmental restrictions. 39,40 Accordingly, South African observers note tobacco companies increasingly pursue alternate strategies such as the use of tobacco brand names on non-cigarette products to sidestep legal dictates that ban tobacco advertising. 41 Industry observers note that tobacco companies are also using social influence efforts like 'underground' parties to lure young consumers-women as well as men-to their brands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to examine the effect of urban living on smoking attitudes among black African women in South Africa. We examine how urbanicity affects attitudes toward smoking and how it moderates the relationship between both advertising exposure and network norms on black women's smoking attitudes. Respondents were 975 black women currently living in Cape Town townships, some of which were raised in rural villages or small towns. Respondents completed a cross-sectional survey, which included data on smoking attitudes, norms, and exposure to cigarette advertising. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with smoking attitudes as the response variable, and urbanicity, cigarette advertising exposure, and network smoking norms as primary explanatory variables. Interactions were tested to determine whether urbanicity modified the effect of advertising exposure and network norms on smoking attitudes. Independent effects of urbanicity, exposure to cigarette advertising, and greater smoking prevalence within women's networks were associated with more favorable smoking attitudes. In addition, urbanicity moderated the relationship between network smoking norms and smoking attitudes, but not cigarette advertising exposure and smoking attitudes. Urbanicity, cigarette advertising, and networks play important roles in women's attitudes toward smoking, and potentially, smoking behavior. Overall, our results suggest that strong and creative anti-smoking efforts are needed to combat the potential for a smoking epidemic among an increasingly urbanized population of black women in South Africa and similar emerging markets. Additional research is warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…93,[104][105][106] The tobacco industry has used direct investment in many LMICs (eg, Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia) where it was perceived and often welcomed as a source of economic development. [107][108][109] In many LMICs where such direct economic access was restricted because of bans imposed by the government (eg, Malawi and Uganda) or complexity in bureaucracy (eg, China), [110][111][112] smuggling was used an alternative route to create demand and set a foothold; it was further used as a leverage for negotiations with the government for tax concessions and licensing permissions. Such economic interventions were coupled with marketing and promotion of tobacco products to create demand in LMICs.…”

Section: 103mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both direct and indirect ways of advertisement have been used by the tobacco industry in many LMICs. 104,109,113 Products such as mild, light, and low-tar cigarettes have been introduced especially to attract young adults and women. 107,113,114 Marketing strategies such as associating tobacco use with youth and glamor…”

Section: 103mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both direct and indirect ways of advertisement have been used by the tobacco industry in many LMICs. 104,109,113 Products such as mild, light, and low-tar cigarettes have been introduced especially to attract young adults and women. 104,[115][116][117] Manipulation of the scientific evidence and partnering with third party allies have also been adopted by the tobacco industry to oppose implementation of tobacco control policies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiology and Public Health Policy of Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Saleheen

Zhao

Rasheed

2014

ATVB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-All forms of tobacco lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. During the past few decades, the number of people who consume tobacco has increased worldwide because of an overall increase in the global population. It is estimated that close to 80% of the >1.3 billion people who smoke tobacco in the world are in low-and middle-income countries. Smokeless forms of tobacco are also widely consumed in low-and middle-income countries, including chewable and snuffed forms. Lack of targeted and effective strategies to control tobacco consumption contributes to a large burden of cardiovascular disorders in low-and middle-income countries, where cardiovascular disorders have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we evaluate the epidemiology of tobacco use in low-and middle-income countries and assess the public health policies needed to control tobacco use in such regions for the prevention of cardiovascular disorders and other tobacco-related morbidities and mortality. Bidis and Kreteks Some of the smoked tobacco products are largely regionally specific. These products include bidis and kretes. Bidis are made of tobacco flakes wrapped in a nontobacco leaf (temburani or tendu) and are widely used in South Asia. 2 Flavoring ingredients are sometime added to bidis. Majority of bidis are manufactured in small cottage industries in South Asia. 16 Bidi smoking in India is more prevalent than manufactured cigarettes. [17][18][19] Bidi sales have not been subject to taxes and until recently they carried no health warnings. 20 Because of lower costs than manufactured cigarettes, bids are frequently smoked by poor people who have less education and are usually unaware of the health hazards associated with tobacco smoking. 17 Kreteks are largely produced in Indonesia and contain tobacco, clove buds, and a wide variety of additives (eg, caca, flavors). 21,22 Cloves contain eugenol, which acts as a local anesthetic in airways inducing more intense smoking than manufactured cigarettes. [23][24][25] Majority of kreteks have been machine made since the mechanization of the industry in the 1970s. 26 It is estimated that >90% of all smokers in Indonesia use kreteks. 27 Both bidis and kreteks are exported to other parts of the world including Europe and North America. 28 Studies examining smoking patterns, CO exposure, and nicotine delivery have found bidis and kreteks to differ little from manufactured cigarettes. 16,[29][30][31] Waterpipes There are various names by which waterpipes are known in different regions, including shisha, hookah, goza, and narghile. 32 Typical waterpipes combust tobacco (usually with the help of charcoal), and smoke is passed through a bowl of water before being inhaled through a hose. 32 A wide variety of products may be added along with tobacco for combustion, including hashish and other flavoring agents. 22 Despite a common association of waterpipe tobacco consumption with the Eastern Mediterranean region, waterpipe tobacco consumption is also high in ce...

show abstract

“…The British ban was followed by an EU-wide ban on sponsorship of sporting events within the European Union, which came into effect in 2005. However, as tobacco advertising has been increasingly regulated within Europe, so tobacco companies have turned to sponsoring sporting events outside of Europe, particularly in emerging markets in Asia (14)(15). Formula One motor racing, in particular, continued in the early years of the twenty-first century to offer excellent marketing opportunities for tobacco companies, with races outside of Europe reaching television audiences of up to forty billion people worldwide (16).…”

Section: Sports Sponsorship: Sport Alcohol and Tobaccomentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport, health and drugs: a critical re-examination of some key issues and problems

Hanstad

Waddington

2009

Perspect Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the major justifications for the ban on the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport has been that relating to the protection of the health of athletes. This paper subjects this argument to critical analysis by locating it in the context of the broader relationship between sport and health. More particularly, the paper seeks to unravel some of the complexities of this relationship by an examination of (i) some aspects of sports sponsorship, particularly with alcohol and tobacco companies; (ii) the health risks associated with elite level sport, and (iii) the widespread and legal use within the sporting context of drugs which can have dangerous side effects. The paper concludes with an examination of some aspects of anti-doping policies within sport and it is suggested that a more imaginative approach to athlete education is needed to prevent the misuse of drugs.

show abstract

Thailand--lighting up a dark market: British American tobacco, sports sponsorship and the circumvention of legislation

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

“Coming to Town”: The Impact of Urbanicity, Cigarette Advertising, and Network Norms on the Smoking Attitudes of Black Women in Cape Town, South Africa

Epidemiology and Public Health Policy of Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Sport, health and drugs: a critical re-examination of some key issues and problems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About