Th1/Th2 Patterns and Balance in Cytokine Production in the Parents and Infants of a Large Birth Cohort

Halonen, Marilyn; Lohman, I. Carla; Stern, Debra A.; Spangenberg, Amber; Anderson, Dayna; Mobley, Sara; Ciano, Kathy; Peck, Michael D.; Wright, Anne L.

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0711996

Cited by 90 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There is a general consensus that newborn lymphocyte/adaptive responses are impaired or immature compared to those of adults (3). A relative reduction in Th1 responses (IFN-␥) with concomitant Th2 polarization in the newborn is often emphasized (1,2,26), although more recent studies also suggest an impairment in newborn lymphocyte-derived regulatory cytokines (such as IL-10) and regulatory T-cell function as well (14,36). We did find that IFN-␥ and IL-10 production was lower in newborn CBMC than in adult PBMC following HKGBS and PHA stimulation, consistent with previous data (19,45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Infants Have Deficient Monocyte and Lymphocyte Cytokine Responses to Group B Streptococcus

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of early-and late-onset sepsis in the newborn. Preterm infants have markedly increased susceptibility and worse outcomes, but their immunological responses to GBS are poorly defined. We compared mononuclear cell and whole-blood cytokine responses to heat-killed GBS (HKGBS) of preterm infants (gestational age [GA], 26 to 33 weeks), term infants, and healthy adults. We investigated the kinetics and cell source of induced cytokines and quantified HKGBS phagocytosis. HKGBSinduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion was significantly impaired in preterm infants compared to that in term infants and adults. These cytokines were predominantly monocytic in origin, and production was intrinsically linked to HKGBS phagocytosis. Very preterm infants (GA, <30 weeks) had fewer cytokine-producing monocytes, but nonopsonic phagocytosis ability was comparable to that for term infants and adults. Exogenous complement supplementation increased phagocytosis in all groups, as well as the proportion of preterm monocytes producing IL-6, but for very preterm infants, responses were still deficient. Similar defective preterm monocyte responses were observed in fresh whole cord blood stimulated with live GBS. Lymphocyte-associated cytokines were significantly deficient for both preterm and term infants compared to levels for adults. These findings indicate that a subset of preterm monocytes do not respond to GBS, a defect compounded by generalized weaker lymphocyte responses in newborns. Together these deficient responses may increase the susceptibility of preterm infants to GBS infection.Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is the leading infectious cause of death in the newborn (17), causing both early-and late-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS and LOS), characterized by septicemia, shock, and meningitis (16,18,31). The proportion of infants surviving extreme prematurity is increasing (11), and as a result preterm delivery is now the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants are exquisitely susceptible to both EOS and LOS; they suffer approximately a quarter of invasive GBS EOS cases and half of GBS LOS cases, with a Ͼ8-fold-greater mortality for EOS and 3-fold for LOS compared to term infants (29). While a proportion of the increased susceptibility to infection in preterm infants relates to the absence of passively acquired maternal IgG antibody, deficiencies in the early immune response to bacterial pathogens likely play a critical role (23). Several studies have addressed neonatal adaptive and humoral immune responses, such as complement activation and antibody production, but there has been little focus on innate immunity to bacterial pathogens and its relation to adaptive responses in this population (23,39).Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against bacterial infection and is therefore particularly important in the neonatal period (9). Additionally, the innate immune system, through activation of specif...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Infants Have Deficient Monocyte and Lymphocyte Cytokine Responses to Group B Streptococcus

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ANP group had increased frequencies of IL-10-secreting T cells, but during pregnancy asthmatic women had higher percentages of IL-10-secreting B cells than healthy women. Nonetheless, it should be noted that Tregs, together with other subsets of T cells, such as T H 2 cells, can secrete IL-10 [4]. T H 2 cells, which are associated with both pregnancy and allergic diseases, may be responsible for the similar levels observed in AP, ANP, and HP women.…”

Section: Cd38mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type 2 helper T (T H 2) cells, a hallmark of atopic diseases, are typically associated with gestation and appear to contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy [3]. Nonetheless, in addition to generating a biased T H 2 immune response, pregnancy also appears to be associated with strict regulatory mechanisms that balance cytokine production [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory T and B Cells in Asthmatic Women: Variations From Pregnancy to Postpartum

Martins¹,

Lima²,

Nunes³

et al. 2017

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objectives: Allergic asthma and rhinitis are common in pregnancy. The immune mechanisms underlying the effects of asthma on pregnancy and vice versa are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in regulatory T and B cells in asthmatic women from late pregnancy to postpartum. Methods: Four groups of women were enrolled for this study: asthmatic (n=23) and healthy (n=43) third trimester-pregnant women and asthmatic (n=33) and healthy (n=35) nonpregnant women. Pregnant women were also evaluated postpartum (>6 weeks after delivery). Blood samples were taken from each woman and flow cytometry was used to characterize circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs). Foxp3 expression was assessed in CD4

show abstract

“…Evidence of such process is observed in the mother as cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor serum levels change throughout the different trimesters of pregnancy. In the systemic circulation of pregnant healthy women, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13 production progressively increases, while serum levels of most Th1-type cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ) significantly decrease in the third trimester compared with those observed in the first trimester of pregnancy [62][63][64]. TNF-α serum levels do not seem to vary during pregnancy, while those of sTNFR (Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor) increase, probably in order to protect the foetus from the consequences of increased TNFα: risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, and pathologic labour [65,66].…”

Section: Regulation Of the Immune System During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

Maestre

Carmona‐Fonseca

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Women pregnant with their first child are susceptible to severe P. falciparum disease from placental malaria because they lack immunity to placenta-specific cytoadherence proteins. In subsequent pregnancies, as immunity against placental parasites is acquired, there is a reduced risk of adverse effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and asymptomatic parasitaemia is common. In the case of vivax malaria, with increasing reports of severe cases in Asia and South America, the effects of infection by this species during pregnancy remain to be elucidated. This review summarized the main aspects involved in the acquisition of specific antimalarial immune responses during pregnancy with emphasis in research carried out in America and Asia, in order to offer a framework of interpretation for studies on pregnant women with malaria which are recently being produced in these regions. The authors conclude that (1) Effective humoral responses during gestational malaria are mainly directed against variant surface antigens codified by genes of the var2Csa family of P. falciparum; (2) Acquisition of immunity against these variant antigens depends on the degree and intensity of transmission, and the chance increases with age and successive pregnancies; (3) Antibody development is guided by specific cellular immune responses in cases of placental and maternal infection, and (4) The study of the significance of acquisition of specific immunity against both P. falciparum and P. vivax in America, should be performed.

show abstract

Th1/Th2 Patterns and Balance in Cytokine Production in the Parents and Infants of a Large Birth Cohort

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

Preterm Infants Have Deficient Monocyte and Lymphocyte Cytokine Responses to Group B Streptococcus

Preterm Infants Have Deficient Monocyte and Lymphocyte Cytokine Responses to Group B Streptococcus

Regulatory T and B Cells in Asthmatic Women: Variations From Pregnancy to Postpartum

Immune responses during gestational malaria: a review of the current knowledge and future trend of research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About