Th1/Th2 immune responses are associated with active cutaneous leishmaniasis and clinical cure is associated with strong interferon-γ production

Assessment of Interferon-γ Levels and Leishmanin Skin Test Results in Persons Recovered for Leishmaniasis

“…Conversely, comparable or higher levels of IFN-γ in the ZVL focus than in other foci is most likely caused by L. infantum antigens in Leish A and Leish C. Successful recovery of patients in ZCL and ACL foci is generally associated with increased production of IFN-γ, when crude leishmanial antigens from L. major are used. 7,[25][26][27] Thus, relatively lower LST results but higher IFN-γ responses in the ZVL focus determined by using the QFN test with a limited number of antigens is likely caused by antigenic specificity.…”

Adverse Effects of Organophosphorus Insecticides on Macrophage Activity in Persons at High Risk for Parasitic Infection

“…Also, it has been reported that Th-2 related cytokines, such as interleukin IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), can induce arginase activity but down-regulate iNOS [14]. On the other hand, IFN-gamma (Th-1 lymphocyte) can down-regulate arginase activity [24,25]. Therefore cytokines of both Th-1 and Th-2 lymphocytes govern the induction of both iNOS and arginase.…”

Immunophenotyping of circulating T cells in a mucosal leishmaniasis patient coinfected with HIV

“…Human protection against localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb) is dependent on an efficient T helper lymphocyte 1 (Th1) response, whereas susceptibility is associated with an increased Th2 and T regulatory (Treg) profile 1,2 . Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is defined as an uncontrolled Th1-type inflammation of the oropharyngeal region, presenting a disfiguring facial lesion and can occur after unsuccessful healing of a previous LCL 3 .…”

“…Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated using Ficoll-Paque TM Plus gradient (GE Health Care, Uppsala, Sweden) and cultured in RPMI 1640 (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY, USA) medium alone or in the presence of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis antigens (AgLb) in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere at 37ºC for 24h, as described elsewhere 1 After blood sampling, a delayed-type hypersensitivity test (Montenegro skin test) was performed and resulted in a 12mm positive induration. The patient was then followed and treated in accordance with standard Brazilian Ministry of Health clinical practice.…”