Th1/Th2 balance in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep during acute stages of infection with Fasciola hepatica

Pacheco, Isabel; Abril, Nieves; Morales-Prieto, Noelia; Bautista, M.J.; Zafra, R.; Escamilla, Alejandro; Ruiz, Marta; Martı́nez-Moreno, A.; Pérez, J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.022

Cited by 21 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We have also found that macrophages and particularly granulocytes from vaccinated animals showed a significantly higher production of free radicals, mainly at 9 and 18 dpi. This is consistent with our previous work where a partial protective response was described in experimental trials with rFhCL1, that could be related to eosinophils and free radical (NO) production in the early stage of infection [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In infected and vaccinated animals (Groups 2 and 3), gross and histopathological hepatic changes were absent at 1 and 3 dpi, though tortuous whitish tracts and haemorrhagic spots, which mainly occurred along the left hepatic lobe, were detected at 9 and 18 dpi. Further description of the gross hepatic lesions as well as the histopathological changes have been previously described in our recent study [ 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous vaccination study suggested that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and subsequent NO production could be important for an effective response against the early migrating liver fluke [ 17 ]. Although the early production of NO we have detected in that study seemed to have little effect on the development of the infection and in the final fluke burden at the end of the experiment [ 18 ]. Consistent protective responses in sheep has not been achieved and the precise effective mechanisms of protection has not been yet elucidated [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of free radicals by peritoneal cells of sheep during the early stages of Fasciola hepatica infection

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe majority of vaccination studies against infection with F. hepatica in a natural host have been conducted at the late stage of the infection when the host's immune response is already immunomodulated by the parasite towards a Th2 non-protective response. This study was aimed at analysing the dynamic of the cell populations present in peritoneal liquid and the production of free radicals by the peritoneal leukocytes in infected and vaccinated sheep with recombinant cathepsin L1 of F. hepatica (rFhCL1) in early stages of the infection.MethodsForty-five sheep were divided into three groups: Group 1 remained as negative control (n = 5), Group 2 (n = 20) was challenged with F. hepatica and Group 3 (n = 20) was vaccinated with rFhCL1 and challenged with F. hepatica. After the slaughtering, peritoneal lavages were carried out at 1, 3, 9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi) to isolate peritoneal cell populations. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO).ResultsThere was a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes at 9 and 18 dpi in infected and vaccinated groups. Production of H2O2 was significantly increased in peritoneal granulocytes in both infected and vaccinated groups. Production of nitric oxide showed a significant rise in the granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages in infected and vaccinated sheep. The NO production by granulocytes at 3 and 9 dpi was significantly higher in the vaccinated than in the infected animals.ConclusionsExperimental infection induced an increase in the total number of leukocytes within the abdominal cavity at 9 and 18 dpi, being more noticeable in vaccinated animals. Production of H2O2 occurred mainly in granulocytes of vaccinated and infected animals. Production of NO was incremented in vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals in all peritoneal cells. Vaccinated animals produced significant higher level of H2O2 and NO than infected animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of free radicals by peritoneal cells of sheep during the early stages of Fasciola hepatica infection

et al. 2018

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“…The difference in the expression of CD1b in the two parasites may be related to differences in the host response to N. caninum and F. hepatica infections in cattle and sheep, respectively. Thus, in N. caninum-infected cattle, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-10 and IFN-γ production has been reported [53], whereas in F. hepatica-infected sheep, decreased ROS production [54] and decreased IFN-γ gene expression have been observed [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They play a crucial role in B-cell activation and have the unique capacity to bind and retain native antigen in B-cell follicles for long periods of time [13,14]. In previous papers, it has been reported that F. hepatica is able to downregulate the Th1 immune response and upregulate the Th2 response at early stages of infection in sheep [15] and mice [16], as well as in chronic stages in cattle [17]. This imbalance towards a Th2 immune profile is mediated through regulatory cytokines and cells, such as DC, that modulate and/or suppress inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells in the hepatic lymph nodes and liver of sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica

Ruiz-Campillo

Molina-Hernández

Bautista

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Fasciola hepatica has been shown to have a high capacity for immunomodulation of the host response, making the development of protective vaccines extremely difficult. One of these immunomodulation mechanisms is the impairment of dendritic cells (DC) maturation and, therefore, suppression of antigenic presentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological changes as well as the characterization of two antigen presenting cells, DC (CD1b, CD83 and MHC-II positive) and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) (CNA.42, S100 and CD83 positive) by immunohistochemistry in the hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) and livers of sheep during the early stages of infection with F. hepatica [9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi)], compared with an uninfected group (UC) as a control. The results revealed a marked hyperplasia of HLN germinal centres at 9 and, in particular, 18 dpi, with respect to the UC group, with coincidental increased expression of CNA.42 in FDC of lymphoid follicles and CD1b in the DC of paracortical areas at 18 dpi. However, the expression of MHC-II and CD83 decreased at 9 and, particularly, at 18 dpi in HLN compared with that in the UC group. Since both markers are related to active presentation of antigens by DC and FDC, the results of the present study suggest that, despite the marked hyperplasia of HLN and increase in DC and FDC numbers during early stages of infection, the DC and FDC antigenic presentation capacity, as suggested by the expression of the markers MHC-II and CD83, is suppressed by the parasite. This suppression was not observed in the liver, probably because of the low number of DC. This is the first study of the immunophenotype of DCs and FDC in sheep infected with F. hepatica.

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Immunopathology of the Liver in Animals

Chauhan,

Malik,

Saminathan

et al. 2024

Essentials of Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Th1/Th2 balance in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep during acute stages of infection with Fasciola hepatica

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Expression of free radicals by peritoneal cells of sheep during the early stages of Fasciola hepatica infection

Expression of free radicals by peritoneal cells of sheep during the early stages of Fasciola hepatica infection

Characterization of dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells in the hepatic lymph nodes and liver of sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica

Immunopathology of the Liver in Animals

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