Th1 and Th2-like Protein Balance in Human Inflammatory Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas

Bioinformatics, Interaction Network Analysis, and Neural Networks to Characterize Gene Expression of Radicular Cyst and Periapical Granuloma

“…Because the RCs and PGs are a result of an inflammatory process in consequence to root canal infection, it is natural that the research to differentiate both lesions focused first in inflammatory markers (1,4,19,42). In addition, it was observed that the proliferation of epithelial cell rests is associated with ICALs (1).…”

“…In addition, it was observed that the proliferation of epithelial cell rests is associated with ICALs (1). The proliferation of epithelial cell rests could be increased by factors such as inflammation (4) or methylation (19).…”

“…It has been accepted that the bacterial presence/colonization of the root canal space is the main etiologic factor of ICALs (2,3). Moreover, host responses such as inflammation (4), angiogenesis (5), and, consequently, bone resorption (1) could modify the severity and prognoses of ICALs. Differential diagnosis among all ICALs is possible only with histopathological examination (6).…”

“…Interestingly, there is a discrepancy related to the sample sizes of studies that consider only radiographic examination (8,11) and studies with tissue sample analyses (2,4,5,(12)(13)(14)(15). The reduction of ICAL specimens for analyses can represent important bias to elucidate ICAL pathology (16).…”

“…As in several diseases, ICAL has been related to many forms of controlling gene expression (4,5,(17)(18)(19). However, most of these studies focused on isolated genes or metabolic pathways.…”