TGFβ ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo

Hocking, Jennifer C.; Hehr, Carrie L.; Chang, Ruoh-Yeng; Johnston, Jillian; McFarlane, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.09.011

Cited by 40 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Normally, the emerging basal axon is thin and unbranched, whereas these basal neurites are short, thick and sometimes branched, and thus are likely to represent mislocalized dendrites. Although positive dendrite markers, such as MAP2, are not specific to the RGC dendrites at early stages, we do find that SMI-31, which effectively labels embryonic Xenopus RGC axons but not their dendrites (Hocking et al, 2008), labels processes identified as axons by our criteria, but not the short, basal neurites ( Fig. 2F-H).…”

Section: Nrp1 and Plxna1 Are Required For Rgc Dendrite Polarization Imentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Cells were left for 24 hours and then fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Neurofilament associated antigen (NAA) (3A10, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, 1:100) immunoreactivity identified RGCs and their axons, and a β-IIItubulin antibody (Abcam, 1:50) was used to reveal the entire cellular morphology (Hocking et al, 2008). Dendrite analysis was performed with the experimenter blind to the experimental condition.…”

Section: Retinal Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye buds were dissected at stage 32, as the first RGC dendrites initiate (Holt, 1989), and plated as dissociated cells for 24 hours in the presence of Sema3-containing conditioned media from transfected COS-7 cells. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody against neurofilament associated antigen (NAA) was used to identify isolated RGCs and their axons, whereas dendrites were characterized as having little or no NAA immunoreactivity (Hocking et al, 2008) (Fig. 4, schematic; supplementary material Fig.…”

Section: Sema3s Disrupt Rgc Dendrite Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropilin-1 biases dendrite polarization in the retina

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYThe majority of neurons in the nervous system exhibit a polarized morphology, with multiple short dendrites and a single long axon. It is clear that multiple factors govern polarization in developing neurons, and the biased accumulation of intrinsic determinants to one side of the cell, coupled with responses to asymmetrically localized extrinsic factors, appears to be crucial. A number of intrinsic factors have been identified, but surprisingly little is known about the identity of the extrinsic signals. Here, we show in vivo that neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and its co-receptor plexinA1 (Plxna1) are necessary to bias the extension of the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells to the apical side of the cell, and ectopically expressed class III semaphorins (Sema3s) disrupt this process. Importantly, the requirement for Nrp1 and Plxna1 in dendrite polarization occurs at a developmental time point after the cells have already extended their basally directed axon. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism whereby an extrinsic factor, probably a Sema3, acts through Nrp1 and Plxna1 to promote the asymmetric outgrowth of dendrites independently of axon polarization.

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Section: Nrp1 and Plxna1 Are Required For Rgc Dendrite Polarization Imentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Retinal Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sema3s Disrupt Rgc Dendrite Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropilin-1 biases dendrite polarization in the retina

et al. 2013

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“…However, neurotrophins are not the only soluble molecules involved in promoting neurite outgrowth. Recently, growth factors belonging to the TGF-␤ superfamily have been shown to promote the initiation of RGC dendrite formation, both in vitro and in vivo during Xenopus development [146] .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Dendritic Remodelling: Evidence From Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Postponed: Giving Apoptosis a Break?

Kisiswa

Dervan²,

Albon³

et al. 2009

Ophthalmic Res

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Glaucoma is characterised by the preferential death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, mammalian models indicate that neurons pass through a period in which they manifest signs of neuronal damage, but have yet to fully commit to death. Mounting evidence suggests that one of the clearest indications of this process is the reduction in RGC dendritic arborisation, resulting in functional compromise. The extent to which this may be reversible is unclear, since the molecular events that precede changes in dendritic structure have received little attention. Furthermore, there are likely to be many factors involved in this process potentially acting in different individual cells at different times. Recent work in Drosophila shows that dendritic reorganisation/remodelling involves local activation and tight regulation of caspase activity. Here, we propose a model in which the balance between caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) contributes towards the regulation of dendritic remodelling. Thus, RGC dendrite reorganisation and cell death represent opposite ends of a spectrum of events regulated by apoptosis signalling pathways. We summarise relevant events in apoptosis, focusing on caspases and IAPs. We also discuss mechanisms of dendrite development, structure and reorganisation and the implications for early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease.

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“…5A). A number of studies have provided convincing evidence that the first step of this signalling cascade is strictly maintained also in TGFb/Bmpmediated axon and dendrite growth, (69)(70)(71) although the composition of the receptor complex is crucial. (71) Demonstration of this receptor specialization comes from studies in the spinal cord.…”

Section: Tgfb/bmp-mediated Axon Guidance: Old Receptors For Transcripmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging mechanisms in morphogen‐mediated axon guidance

Sánchez-Camacho

Bovolenta

2009

BioEssays

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Early in animal development, gradients of secreted morphogenic molecules, such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wnt and TGFbeta/Bmp family members, regulate cell proliferation and determine the fate and phenotype of the target cells by activating well-characterized signalling pathways, which ultimately control gene transcription. Shh, Wnt and TGFbeta/Bmp signalling also play an important and evolutionary conserved role in neural circuit assembly. They regulate neuronal polarization, axon and dendrite development and synaptogenesis, processes that require rapid and local changes in cytoskeletal organization and plasma membrane components. A key question then is whether morphogen signalling at the growth cone uses similar mechanisms and intracellular pathway components to those described for morphogen-mediated cell specification. This review discusses recent advances towards the understanding of this problem, showing how Shh, Wnt and TGFbeta/Bmp have adapted their 'classical' signalling pathways or adopted alternative and novel molecular mechanisms to influence different aspects of neuronal circuit formation.

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TGFβ ligands promote the initiation of retinal ganglion cell dendrites in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Neuropilin-1 biases dendrite polarization in the retina

Neuropilin-1 biases dendrite polarization in the retina

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Postponed: Giving Apoptosis a Break?

Emerging mechanisms in morphogen‐mediated axon guidance

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