“…Previous reports have shown that the specific signal transduction by TGF-beta family in vertebrates involves many sets of polypeptide growth factors, receptor complexes of serine/threonine kinases and Smad proteins acting as receptor substrates with Smad-associated transcription factors (Liu et al, 1996;Lagna et al, 1996;Derynck et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1998;Upadhyay et al, 2017;Kim and Baek, 2019). Members of TGF-beta family include TGF-beta factors, activins, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and other related growth factors that regulate cell division, differentiation, motility, adhesion and death in the metazoan organs and tissues (Liu et al, 1996;Lagna et al, 1996;Derynck et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1998;Upadhyay et al, 2017;Kim and Baek, 2019). Because of the diverse processes controlled by different TGFbeta family members and their various roles in pathogenesis and/or tumorigenesis and development biology, there is an intense interest in studies on the compositional basis and relevant genes for the tissuespecific signal transduction pathways in vertebrates (Liu et al, 1996;Lagna et al, 1996;Derynck et al, 1996;Chen et al, 1998;Upadhyay et al, 2017;Kim and Baek, 2019).…”