TGF-β inhibition combined with cytotoxic nanomedicine normalizes triple negative breast cancer microenvironment towards anti-tumor immunity

m6A regulator-based methylation modification patterns characterized by distinct tumor microenvironment immune profiles in colon cancer

“…Specific molecular inhibitors targeting TGF-β have been shown to reshape the tumor microenvironment (e.g. reprogram peritumoral stromal fibroblasts) and restore the anti-tumor immunity 27 , 67 . Based on these findings, we speculated that CC patients with the m 6 A-C2 pattern may benefit from combination treatment with ICB agents and TGF-β blockade.…”

Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene Clusterin leads to hyperactivation of TAK1-NF-κB signaling axis in lung cancer cells and denotes a therapeutic opportunity

“…TAK1 is an important mediator for TGFBRs' signaling. Of note, TGF-β signaling is involved in organizing an immunosuppressive micro-environment in tumor foci by inducing Tregs 49 , 50 . It is expected that TAK1 inhibition not only sensitizes NSCLC cells to targeting therapies, but normalizes immunity against tumors.…”

Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity

“…Another chemical TGF-β inhibitor, tranilast, which was originally developed as an antiallergic drug, has also demonstrated proven anti-fibrosis and anti-tumour effects. Panagi et al have shown that combining tranilast and the cytotoxic chemotherapy drug Doxil significantly inhibits tumour progression and improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) in TNBC [ 146 ]. Besides, immunotherapy using antibodies targeting PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 in combination with anti-IL-6 and -TGF-β1 antibodies can enhance treatment outcomes of the E7-TM mRNA vaccine against SOX2 in metastatic lung cancer [ 147 ].…”