TGF-β and macrophages in the rise and fall of inflammation

Suppression of streptococcal cell wall–induced arthritis by human chorionic gonadotropin

“…TGF␤ has multiple antiinflammatory activities (24,25). In this respect, TGF␤1 has been shown to down-regulate iNOS expression and activity at multiple levels and to antagonize TNF␣ (43)(44)(45), consistent with the effects of HCGinduced TGF␤ shown herein. Moreover, recent evidence has documented that circulating TGF␤ is, in fact, elevated during pregnancy (46), and that HCG can significantly increase TGF␤ in mouse ovaries (47), providing further support for a link between HCG, pregnancy, TGF␤, and suppression of autoimmune diseases.…”

Differential expression of microRNA-7188-5p and miR-7235 regulates Multiple Sclerosis in an experimental mouse model- an Biomarker approach

“…Related to that, Barin and colleques [44] reported the participation of macrophages in IL-17-mediated inflammation. An imbalance between the proinflammatory properties and immunosuppressive activities of TGF-β was found to rise and then fall during inflammatory responses [45] may explain the decrease in the TGF-β level in the present study.…”

Deferoxamine modulates cytokines and growth factors to accelerate cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats

“…TGF-β 1 released from α-granules of platelets causes recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils and macrophages and these cells are stimulated in a positive feedback mechanism to produce large amount of TGF-β 1 during inflammatory phase of wound healing (Mccartney-Francis and Wahl, 2001). TGF-β 1 stimulates neovascularization, macrophage chemotaxis and proliferation of fibroblasts as well as synthesis and subsequent maturation of extracellular matrix (Pierce et al, 1989;Beck et al, 1993).…”