TGF‐<i>β</i> Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells

Yun, Chohee; Mendelson, Jonathan; Blake, Tiffany; Mishra, Lopa; Mishra, Bibhuti

doi:10.1155/2008/747343

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…23 Similarly, TGF-β signaling regulates asymmetric cell division of neural stem cells with differentiation of one daughter cell into neuronal or glial cell and maintaining the neural stem cell population via the second daughter cell. 34 Collectively, our data suggest reduced activities of this set of PA6 cells-derived factors with the culture time, consistent with a previous report. 32 On the other hand, SFRP1, CXCL12, NGF, and FGF2 are a few PA6 cells-derived factors that maintain their high fold change until day 8.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation

2017

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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), due to their intrinsic capability to generate somatic cells of all three germ layers, are the potential sources of neural cells for cell replacement therapies. However, the empirical differentiation protocols and the lack of mechanistic understanding of the neural differentiation of ESCs has limited the utility of ESCs as a developmental model or as a cell source for neural cell population for replacement therapies. Coculturing ESCs with stromal cells is one of the extensively used methods to induce neural differentiation. Despite several studies attempting to identify neural inducing factors in stromal cell induced neural differentiation, self-regulatory effects of ESCs in the neural differentiation process remains unexplored. For the first time, we elucidate the self-regulatory role of mESCs on their neural cell differentiation by supplementing conditioned media from differentiating mESCs to the mESCs-PA6 cocultures and quantitatively evaluating the change in neural differentiation. Moreover, we use statistical tools to analyze the expressions of various growth and trophic factors and distinguish the factors produced primarily by PA6 cells versus mESCs in coculture. We observed that addition of the medium containing mESCs-secreted factors to the single mESCs colony cocultured with PA6 cells significantly enhanced the neural differentiation of mESCs compared to the medium extracted from the stromal cells only. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from PA6 and cocultured mESCs segregated two group of factors that are produced by the stromal cells and differentiating mESCs. Identifying the major soluble factors that drive and regulate the neural differentiation process in mESCs-PA6 coculture niche will help understand the molecular mechanisms of neural development. Moreover, it can be the first step toward developing novel protocols to differentiate stem cells with mESCs derived factors supplementation without using feeder cells with greater efficiency compared to existing approaches.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation

2017

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“…In vertebrates, the type I receptor family of the TGF-β family consists in three groups that share similar kinase domains and signaling activities. Group 1 includes TβRI, ActR-IB and ALK7; Group 2 contains BMPR-IA and IB; and Group 3 is composed of ALK1 and ALK2 (Glasgow and Mishra 2008;Rubenstein et al 2009;Tang et al 2003;Yun et al 2008). Vertebrate type II receptor family consists in TβRII, ActR-II, ActR-IIB, BMPR-II and AMHR (AntiMullerian hormone receptor).…”

Section: Tgf-β Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming growth factor-β signaling in tumor initiation, progression and therapy in breast cancer: an update

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2011

Cell Tissue Res

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous cytokine playing an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and invasion, as well as in cellular microenvironment. In malignant diseases, TGF-β signaling features a growth inhibitory effect at an early stage but aggressive oncogenic activity at the advanced malignant state. Here, we update the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cancer development and progression with a focus on breast cancer. We also review the current approaches of TGF-β signaling-targeted therapeutics for human malignancies.

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“…Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is a prototypic member of the large TGF‐β superfamily, which contains ∼ 30 different factors, including TGF‐β, activin, nodal and bone morphogenic proteins. TGF‐βs are involved in a wide range of biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, embryogenesis and morphogenesis [35]. TGF‐β has five isoforms (TGF‐β1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), however, only TGF‐β1 is known to alter BBB integrity.…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Brain Angiogenesis and Barriergenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain angiogenesis in developmental and pathological processes: regulation, molecular and cellular communication at the neurovascular interface

et al. 2009

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The vascular network of the brain is formed by the invasion of vascular sprouts from the pia mater toward the ventricles. Following angiogenesis of the primary vascular network, brain vessels experience a maturation process known as barriergenesis, in which the blood–brain barrier is formed. In this minireview, we discuss the processes of brain angiogenesis and barriergenesis, as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain vessel formation. At the molecular level, angiogenesis and barriergenesis occur via the coordinated action of oxygen‐responsive molecules (e.g. hypoxia‐inducible factor and Src‐suppressed C kinase substrate/AKAP12) and soluble factors (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin‐1), as well as axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors. At the cellular level, we focus on neurovascular cells, such as pericytes, astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, neurons and brain macrophages. Each cell type plays a unique role, and works with other types to maintain environmental homeostasis and to respond to certain stimuli. Taken together, this minireview emphasizes the importance of the coordinated action of molecules and cells at the neurovascular interface, with regards to the regulation of angiogenesis and barriergenesis.

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TGF‐β Signaling in Neuronal Stem Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation

Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation

Transforming growth factor-β signaling in tumor initiation, progression and therapy in breast cancer: an update

Brain angiogenesis in developmental and pathological processes: regulation, molecular and cellular communication at the neurovascular interface

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