TGF Beta as a Prognostic Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Patients with NAFLD—A Prospective Case–Control Study

Susak, Frano; Vrsaljko, Nina; Vince, Adriana; Papić, Neven

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11061571

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…They also showed that TGF-β could be used as a predictor of disease fatality, as a higher concentration of this cytokine was found in patients who died than in survivors [20]. A similar positive correlation of TGF-β with the severity of COVID-19 was also found by Susak et al [21]. Opposite results were shown by a group from Serbia: in their study, deceased patients had significantly lower TGF-β concentrations than survivors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents

Wiśniewska,

Kijak,

Nowak

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak led to a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 not only caused acute symptoms during the severe phase of the disease, but also induced long-term side effects on the functioning of many organs and systems. Symptoms that were associated with the disease and present at least 3 months after recovery were named long COVID. The aim of this study was to assess if mild-to-moderate COVID-19 may lead to the dysfunction of respiratory, cardiovascular, neural, and renal systems in healthy blood donors who recovered from the disease at least 6 months earlier. Methods: Here, we examined 294 adults among volunteer blood donors divided into convalescents (n = 215) and healthy controls (n = 79). Concentrations of soluble CD163, TGF beta, Lp-PLA2, NCAM-1, S100, NGAL, and creatinine were measured either by ELISA or automated methods. The probability value p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: We found significant differences in Lp-PLA2, S100, and NCAM-1 between convalescents and never-infected subjects. Lp-PLA2 and NCAM-1 were lower, and S100 higher, in convalescents than in the control group. Conclusion: Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 convalescents are at a low risk of developing lung fibrosis or chronic kidney disease. However, they should regularly carry out their prophylaxis examinations for early detection of possible negative outcomes of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents

Wiśniewska,

Kijak,

Nowak

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…We can hypothesize that patients with SLD might respond differently to infections, which could influence their outcomes. This has recently been suggested in COVID-19, where patients with SLD had distinct cytokine profiles that were associated with adverse outcomes [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Steatotic Liver Disease and Sepsis Outcomes—A Prospective Cohort Study (SepsisFAT)

Krznaric,

Papic,

Vrsaljko

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: While it has been shown that steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with systemic changes in immune response, the impact of SLD on sepsis outcomes has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SLD and sepsis severity and outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study included consecutively hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired sepsis during a 16-month period. Results: Of the 378 included patients (49.5% male, median age of 69, IQR 57–78 years), 174 (46%) were diagnosed with SLD. Patients with SLD were older and more frequently fulfilled the criteria for metabolic syndrome. There were no differences in the source and etiology of sepsis between the groups. Patients with SLD exhibited a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (29.3% vs. 17.6%), the need for renal replacement therapy (16.1% vs. 8.8%), and more frequent use of invasive mechanical ventilation (29.3% vs. 18.1%). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the SLD group (18.39% vs. 9.8%). The multivariable analysis indicated that SLD was associated with mortality (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.40–5.71) irrespective of the other elements within metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: SLD might be associated with higher sepsis in-hospital mortality, and more frequent development of acute kidney and respiratory insufficiency requiring more critical care support.

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“…It has been suggested that blood levels of TGF-β in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may be an effective biomarker of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and adverse outcomes [ 66 ]. It has also been suggested that TGF-β blockade should be used to treat COVID-19 [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of TGF-β and p38 MAPK in TSG-6 Expression in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Kwon,

Yoon,

Hong

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate immune cell activity by expressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) in inflammatory environments; however, whether anti-inflammatory responses affect TSG-6 expression in MSCs is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated whether transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates TSG-6 expression in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and whether effective immunosuppression can be achieved using ASCs and TGF-β signaling inhibitor A83-01. TGF-β significantly decreased TSG-6 expression in ASCs, but A83-01 and the p38 inhibitor SB202190 significantly increased it. However, in septic C57BL/6 mice, A83-01 further reduced the survival rate of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group and ASC transplantation did not improve the severity induced by LPS. ASC transplantation alleviated the severity of sepsis induced by LPS+A83-01. In co-culture of macrophages and ASCs, A83-01 decreased TSG-6 expression whereas A83-01 and SB202190 reduced Cox-2 and IDO-2 expression in ASCs. These results suggest that TSG-6 expression in ASCs can be regulated by high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, and that A83-01 and SB202190 can reduce the expression of immunomodulators in ASCs. Therefore, our data suggest that co-treatment of ASCs with TGF-β or p38 inhibitors is not adequate to modulate inflammation.

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TGF Beta as a Prognostic Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity in Patients with NAFLD—A Prospective Case–Control Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents

Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents

Steatotic Liver Disease and Sepsis Outcomes—A Prospective Cohort Study (SepsisFAT)

Role of TGF-β and p38 MAPK in TSG-6 Expression in Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

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