TG/DTG, FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry, and NMR Spectroscopy Study of Heavy Fuel Oil

Elbaz, Ayman M.; Gani, Abdul; Hourani, Nadim; Emwas, Abdul‐Hamid; Sarathy, S. Mani; Roberts, William L.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01739

Cited by 103 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…HFO8 was added to n-heptane at a 1: 70 weight ratios and the mixture was subsequently stirred for one hour at 60 o C, followed by three hours at ambient temperature. [28][29][30] . Thermal analysis techniques have been used to investigate the combustion characteristics of different fuel samples [30][31][32][33][34][35] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Asphaltene Concentration on the Combustion of a Heavy Fuel Oil Droplet

et al. 2018

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Highlights  Thermogravimetric analysis of heavy fuel oil samples at different asphaltene concentration is discussed.  The influence of high asphaltene concentration on the droplet burning stages is illustrated.  The relation between the droplet ignition delay time and droplet size is discussed at different asphaltene concentration.  The effect of asphaltene concentration on the droplet evolution with time is measured.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Asphaltene Concentration on the Combustion of a Heavy Fuel Oil Droplet

et al. 2018

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“…The droplet combustion experiments were conducted on a sample of Saudi Arabia heavy fuel oil (HFO). The physical properties and elemental composition of the HFO used in this work are listed in Table 2, and more details about the oil physical and chemical properties can be found in the work of Elbaz et al [27], and the quantified average molecular parameters are presented in [9].…”

Section: Experimental Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM from the combustion of heavy fuel oils

Elbaz

Khateeb

Roberts

2018

Energy

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This work presents an experimental study investigating the formation and oxidation of particulate matter from the combustion of heavy fuel oil, HFO, droplets. The study includes results from both a falling droplet in a drop tube furnace and a suspended droplet in a heated convective flow. The falling droplets in a heated coflow air with variable temperature path and velocity were combusted and the resulting particles, cenospheres, were collected. To characterize the microstructure of these particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis were used. The particles were found to have either a porous or a skeleton/membrane morphology. The percentage of particles of either type appears to be related to the thermal history, which was controlled by the heated co-flow velocity. In the suspended droplet experiments, by suspending the droplet on a thermocouple, the temperature inside the droplet was measured while simultaneously imaging the various burning phases. A number of specific phases were identified, from liquid to solid phase combustion are presented and discussed. The droplet ignition temperature was seen to be independent of the droplet size. However, the liquid phase ignition delay time and the droplet lifetime were directly proportional to the initial droplet diameter.

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“…Many analytical techniques have been used in the literature for the structural characterization of hydrocarbon fuels, including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) [70], Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) [71], supercritical fluid chromatography [72], Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy [73], Raman spectroscopy [74], vibrational spectroscopy [75], Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance/Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) [76,77], FT-IR spectroscopy [78,79] and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [29,77]. A suitable technique for quantifying the atom types in hydrocarbon fuels is 1 H NMR spectroscopy.…”

Section: Fuel Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A minimalist functional group (MFG) approach for surrogate fuel formulation

Jameel

Issayev

Touitou

et al. 2018

Combustion and Flame

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et al. (2018) A minimalist functional group (MFG) approach for surrogate fuel formulation. Combustion and Flame 192: 250-271. Available: http://dx. AbstractSurrogate fuel formulation has drawn significant interest due to its relevance towards understanding combustion properties of complex fuel mixtures. In this work, we present a novel approach for surrogate fuel formulation by matching target fuel functional groups, while minimizing the number of surrogate species. Five key functional groups; paraffinic CH3, paraffinic CH2, paraffinic CH, naphthenic CH-CH2 and aromatic C-CH groups in addition to structural information provided by the Branching Index (BI) were chosen as matching targets. Surrogates were developed for six FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) gasoline target fuels, namely FACE A, C, F, G, I and J. The five functional groups present in the fuels were qualitatively and quantitatively identified using high resolution 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A further constraint was imposed in limiting the number of surrogate components to a maximum of two. This simplifies the process of surrogate formulation, facilitates surrogate testing, and significantly reduces the size and time involved in developing chemical kinetic models by reducing the number of thermochemical and kinetic parameters requiring estimation.Fewer species also reduces the computational expenses involved in simulating combustion in practical devices. The proposed surrogate formulation methodology is denoted as the Minimalist Functional Group (MFG) approach. The MFG surrogates were experimentally tested against their target fuels using Ignition Delay Times (IDT) measured in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), as specified by the standard ASTM D6890 methodology, and in a Rapid Compression Machine [Type text] 2 (RCM). Threshold Sooting Index (TSI) and Smoke Point (SP) measurements were also performed to determine the sooting propensities of the surrogates and target fuels. The results showed that MFG surrogates were able to reproduce the aforementioned combustion properties of the target FACE gasolines across a wide range of conditions. The present MFG approach supports existing literature demonstrating that key functional groups are responsible for the occurrence of complex combustion properties. The functional group approach offers a method of understanding the combustion properties of complex mixtures in a manner which is independent, yet complementary, to detailed chemical kinetic models. The MFG approach may be readily extended to formulate surrogates for other complex fuels.

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TG/DTG, FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry, and NMR Spectroscopy Study of Heavy Fuel Oil

Cited by 103 publications

References 48 publications

Influence of Asphaltene Concentration on the Combustion of a Heavy Fuel Oil Droplet

Influence of Asphaltene Concentration on the Combustion of a Heavy Fuel Oil Droplet

PM from the combustion of heavy fuel oils

A minimalist functional group (MFG) approach for surrogate fuel formulation

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