TG/DTG/DTA, FTIR and GC/MS Studies of Oil Sand for Artistic and Precision Foundry with the Emission of Gases Assessment

Abstract

The paper presents the results of thermoanalytical studies by TG/DTG/DTA, FTIR and GC/MS for the oil sand used in art and precision foundry. On the basis of course of DTG and DTA curves the characteristic temperature points for thermal effects accompanying the thermal decomposition reactions were determined. This results were linked with structural changes occurred in sample. It has been shown that the highest weight loss of the sample at temperatures of about 320°C is associated with destruction of C-H bonds (FTIR). In addition, a large volume of gases and high amounts of compounds from the BTEX group are generated when liquid metal interacts with oil sand. The results show, that compared to other molding sands used in foundry, this material is characterized by the highest gaseous emissions and the highest harmfulness, because benzene emissions per kilogram of oil sand are more than 7 times higher than molding sand with furan and phenolic binders and green sand with bentonite and lustrous carbon carrier.

The Influence of the Matrix Grain Size and Mineral Addition on Improving the Knock-Out Properties of Molding Sands with an Inorganic Binder

“…The author, along with their team, has proposed an environmentally friendly method to reduce the final strength and improve the knock-out properties in molding or core sands. This is achieved by introducing a mineral material in the form of swelling aluminosilicate, specifically perlite ore. Research has demonstrated that the addition of perlite ore or ground vermiculite positively influences the reduction in the final strength and improvement in the knock-out properties [20,27]. Importantly, these additives do not adversely affect the mechanical and technological properties of the molding sands, the casting surface quality, or the ecological properties [28].…”

3D Printed (Binder Jetting) Furan Molding and Core Sands—Thermal Deformation, Mechanical and Technological Properties

“…Durability and time-regulated shelf life for molding; • High resistance-to-moisture during core storage; • High resistance-to-erosion and -penetration and no chemical interaction with the casting alloy; The problem of gas and the emission of odors is widely discussed in publications [3][4][5][6]. In this regard, molding and core sand systems based on organic binders should not be considered the most environmentally friendly due to the emission of BTEX group compounds, which is an indicator of the environmental harm of the molding sands.…”

The Influence of 3D Printing Core Construction (Binder Jetting) on the Amount of Generated Gases in the Environmental and Technological Aspect

“…Another solution [ 15 , 28 ] is conducting core production under vacuum conditions, which can help reduce the amount of gases emitted during the curing process and ultimately during the interaction with the high temperature of the liquid foundry metal. The emissions of materials used in casting production are gaining importance, as reflected in publications dedicated to monitoring the composition of gas products resulting from the thermal degradation of molding and core sands [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This stems from the need to reduce the negative impact on the natural environment, as well as the working environment [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], and it is achievable through the use of appropriate resin quality, selecting the proper 3D printing temperature, or even choosing the 3D printer model [ 38 ].…”