TFOS Lifestyle Report Introduction: A Lifestyle Epidemic - Ocular Surface Disease

Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Dry Eye Disease: Analyzing Temporal Changes in Tear Film Stability and Ocular Surface between IPL Sessions

“…Exclusion criteria were strictly applied to exclude individuals presenting with any dermatological contraindications to IPL therapy, as well as those who had undergone any alterations in their systemic or ocular management of MGD within six months before or at any time during the study duration, to maintain the purity and reliability of the findings. To ensure the integrity of the study and minimize confounding factors, exclusion criteria were rigorously enforced, following the TFOS Lifestyle Report guidelines [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Participants with systemic pathologies known to affect tear film stability, such as thyroid disease and Sjögren’s syndrome, were excluded.…”

Medicine versus environmental manipulations as approaches to treating dry eye disease: why does medicine usually win?

“…DED is a prevalent ocular condition that imparts a significant societal burden as its symptoms of pain and poor vision negatively impact productivity and mental health. 1 DED symptoms can have multiple contributors including tear film, anatomical and neurosensory abnormalities. As such, it is not surprising that there is heterogeneity in pathophysiological pathways that underlie disease onset, severity and persistence.…”

“…In line with DED heterogeneity, many risk factors have been linked to disease, including demographics (eg, female gender, older age), comorbidities (eg, autoimmune diseases, sleep apnoea, pain conditions), medications (eg, antidepressants, antihistamines) and environmental exposures (eg, low humidity, air pollution). 1 …”

“…In line with DED heterogeneity, many risk factors have been linked to disease, including demographics (eg, female gender, older age), comorbidities (eg, autoimmune diseases, sleep apnoea, pain conditions), medications (eg, antidepressants, antihistamines) and Open access exposures (eg, low humidity, air pollution). 1 Treatment of DED is likewise complex and involves over-the-counter products (eg, artificial tears, eyelid hygiene products), prescription medication (eg, antiinflammatories, tear stimulators, oral and topical antibiotics) and in-office procedures (eg, devices that target periocular skin health, clean the eyelids, heat the Meibomian glands), all of which have been studied over the years with thousands of resulting publications. These medications and procedures impart a significant cost to the patient, estimated at $6.08 billion for national expenditures and $1.18 billion for out-of-pocket expenditures in 2015-2016 (per capita expenditures $499.42 and $96.67, respectively) based on a study that examined the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database.…”

Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances

“…Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a complex, chronic ocular surface disease arising from diverse etiologies, significantly impacting quality of life (Figure 1) (Liu et al, 2022;Coassin et al, 2023;Craig et al, 2023;Kam et al, 2023;Montero-Iruzubieta et al, 2023;Narang et al, 2023;Buonfiglio et al, 2024;Xiong et al, 2024). The ocular surface system consists primarily of the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands, collaboratively maintains a smooth refractive surface and protects the visual system.…”