TFOS Lifestyle Report: Impact of environmental conditions on the ocular surface

Alves, Mônica; Asbell, Penny A.; Doğru, Murat; Giannaccare, Giuseppe; Grau, Arturo; Gregory, Darren G.; Kim, Dong Hyun; Marini, Maria Cecilia; Ngo, William; Nowińska, Anna; Saldanha, Ian J.; Wakamatsu, Tais Hitomi; Yu, Mitasha; Stapleton, Fiona

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.007

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 466 publications

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“…Although there is a wide variety of symptoms related to IAQ, they are not restricted exclusively to respiratory problems. According to Sun et al, 145 skin-related symptoms can also occur due to direct contact with pollution sources and airborne particles, in addition to eye effects 146 and a potential risk of developing diseases such as cancer, 147 asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Susanto et al 148 claimed that poor air quality is the leading cause of approximately two million deaths in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick building syndrome and its impacts on health, well-being and productivity: A systematic literature review

Niza

Souza

Luz

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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People’s well-being, health and productivity in indoor environments are crucial areas of investigation, particularly concerning sick building syndrome (SBS). Sick building syndrome encompasses symptoms resulting from exposure to harmful factors associated with building use. Headaches, fatigue, malaise and nausea are amongst the complaints associated with SBS. A literature review was conducted, examining studies from Scopus and Web of Science to identify the major impacts of SBS on health, well-being and productivity. Out of 3601 initially identified articles, 134 were analyzed after applying predefined criteria. Three research questions (RQs) were formulated, leading to the following findings: (i) most studies focused on offices (35.48%), highlighting common respiratory symptoms that range from mild to severe based on individual sensitivity, indoor conditions and predictive factors; (ii) indoor air quality (IAQ) emerged as the primary factor influencing SBS, especially within the post-pandemic context. Increasing air circulation and ventilation are viable alternatives to enhance IAQ. (iii) Understanding SBS proves complex, with indications of potentially higher symptom frequencies in women due to historical factors, social roles, lower cold tolerance, limited understanding of female physiology and multiple chemical sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick building syndrome and its impacts on health, well-being and productivity: A systematic literature review

Niza

Souza

Luz

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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“…The ocular surface constitutes a complex system perpetually exposed to a multitude of stimuli capable of disturbing its equilibrium. Damage to the ocular surface can arise from various sources, including external factors such as mechanical traumas, chemical burns, adverse effects of topical medications, or may result from inflammatory processes that encompass conditions such as mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and graft- versus -host disease, all of which can engender substantial damage to the ocular surface, particularly affecting corneal transparency[ 62 - 66 ]. Such damage may also extend to the associated ocular structures, involving the conjunctiva and eyelids, resulting in cicatricial alteration of the ocular surface[ 62 ].…”

Section: Ocular Surface Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the versatile potential: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface reconstruction and oculoplastics

Surico,

Scarabosio,

Miotti

et al. 2024

World J Stem Cells

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This review comprehensively explores the versatile potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a specific focus on adipose-derived MSCs. Ophthalmic and oculoplastic surgery, encompassing diverse procedures for ocular and periocular enhancement, demands advanced solutions for tissue restoration, functional and aesthetic refinement, and aging. Investigating immunomodulatory, regenerative, and healing capacities of MSCs, this review underscores the potential use of adipose-derived MSCs as a cost-effective alternative from bench to bedside, addressing common unmet needs in the field of reconstructive and regenerative surgery.

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“…A large variance in eye blinking frequency may emerge over different studies due to individual differences, due to different tasks and situational factors, due to the inadequate separation of complete versus incomplete eye blinking, or insufficient data sampling for statistical analysis. Personal and occupational factors may also play a role in sensory irritation at the eye, e.g., use of contact lenses, eye make-up, certain medication, and eye diseases result in a more vulnerable tear film (Alves et al 2023 ; Wolkoff 2020 ).…”

Section: Influence Of Grouping Factor Gender On Se...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure limits for indoor volatile substances concerning the general population: The role of population-based differences in sensory irritation of the eyes and airways for assessment factors

Kleinbeck,

Wolkoff

2024

Arch Toxicol

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Assessment factors (AFs) are essential in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and indoor air quality guidelines. The factors shall accommodate differences in sensitivity between subgroups, i.e., workers, healthy and sick people, and occupational exposure versus life-long exposure for the general population. Derivation of AFs itself is based on empirical knowledge from human and animal exposure studies with immanent uncertainty in the empirical evidence due to knowledge gaps and experimental reliability. Sensory irritation in the eyes and airways constitute about 30–40% of OELs and is an abundant symptom in non-industrial buildings characterizing the indoor air quality and general health. Intraspecies differences between subgroups of the general population should be quantified for the proposal of more ‘empirical’ based AFs. In this review, we focus on sensitivity differences in sensory irritation about gender, age, health status, and vulnerability in people, based solely on human exposure studies. Females are more sensitive to sensory irritation than males for few volatile substances. Older people appear less sensitive than younger ones. However, impaired defense mechanisms may increase vulnerability in the long term. Empirical evidence of sensory irritation in children is rare and limited to children down to the age of six years. Studies of the nervous system in children compared to adults suggest a higher sensitivity in children; however, some defense mechanisms are more efficient in children than in adults. Usually, exposure studies are performed with healthy subjects. Exposure studies with sick people are not representative due to the deselection of subjects with moderate or severe eye or airway diseases, which likely underestimates the sensitivity of the group of people with diseases. Psychological characterization like personality factors shows that concentrations of volatile substances far below their sensory irritation thresholds may influence the sensitivity, in part biased by odor perception. Thus, the protection of people with extreme personality traits is not feasible by an AF and other mitigation strategies are required. The available empirical evidence comprising age, lifestyle, and health supports an AF of not greater than up to 2 for sensory irritation. Further, general AFs are discouraged for derivation, rather substance-specific derivation of AFs is recommended based on the risk assessment of empirical data, deposition in the airways depending on the substance’s water solubility and compensating for knowledge and experimental gaps. Modeling of sensory irritation would be a better ‘empirical’ starting point for derivation of AFs for children, older, and sick people, as human exposure studies are not possible (due to ethical reasons) or not generalizable (due to self-selection). Dedicated AFs may be derived for environments where dry air, high room temperature, and visually demanding tasks aggravate the eyes or airways than for places in which the workload is balanced, while indoor playgrounds might need other AFs due to physical workload and affected groups of the general population.

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TFOS Lifestyle Report: Impact of environmental conditions on the ocular surface

Cited by 42 publications

References 466 publications

Sick building syndrome and its impacts on health, well-being and productivity: A systematic literature review

Sick building syndrome and its impacts on health, well-being and productivity: A systematic literature review

Unlocking the versatile potential: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ocular surface reconstruction and oculoplastics

Exposure limits for indoor volatile substances concerning the general population: The role of population-based differences in sensory irritation of the eyes and airways for assessment factors

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