TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report

Gomes, José Álvaro Pereira; Azar, Dimitri T.; Baudouin, Christophe; Efron, Nathan; Hirayama, Masatoshi; Horwath‐Winter, Jutta; Kim, Terry; Mehta, Jodhbir S.; Messmer, Elisabeth M.; Pepose, Jay S.; Sangwan, Veena; Weiner, Alan M.; Wilson, Steven E.; Wolffsohn, James S.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004

Cited by 320 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 535 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

222

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exposure to traffic-derived air pollution reduces the goblet cell numbers in the conjunctiva [624]. Further details can be found in the TFOS DEWS II Iatrogenic Dry Eye report [625]. …”

Section: Non-pathophysiological Factors Impacting the Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED. Clinically, DED is characterized by loss of tear volume, more rapid breakup of the tear film and increased evaporation of tears from the ocular surface. The tear film is composed of many substances including lipids, proteins, mucins and electrolytes. All of these contribute to the integrity of the tear film but exactly how they interact is still an area of active research. Tear film osmolarity increases in DED. Changes to other components such as proteins and mucins can be used as biomarkers for DED. The Subcommittee recommended areas for future research to advance our understanding of the tear film and how this changes with DED. The final report was written after review by all Subcommittee members and the entire TFOS DEWS II membership.

show abstract

“…Exposure to traffic-derived air pollution reduces the goblet cell numbers in the conjunctiva [624]. Further details can be found in the TFOS DEWS II Iatrogenic Dry Eye report [625]. …”

Section: Non-pathophysiological Factors Impacting the Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although BAC provides excellent antimicrobial properties in ophthalmic preparations, a large number of clinical and experimental investigations using in vitro or animal models suggested cytotoxic effects of even low BAC concentrations on several components of the eye (see [18]). The topical administration of BAC-containing eye drops may cause a variety of ocular surface changes, from ocular discomfort, redness, dryness, and tear film instability [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to allergic, immune, inflammatory reactions [27][28][29], ocular irritation, scarring of the ocular surface with irreversible vision impairment [21,30,31], disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier inducing cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery [32,33], loss of goblet cells (see [27,34]) and, at higher concentrations, to the disruption of the corneal epithelium, induction of apoptosis or necrosis of Chang's conjunctival cells [31-33, 35, 36]. The proapoptotic effects were seen at very low concentrations of BAC with a threshold of toxicity found at about 0.005% (i.e., below the usual concentration used in most eye drops).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunctions May Be One of the Major Causative Factors Underlying Detrimental Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride

Рогов

Goleva

Sukhanova

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is currently the most commonly used antimicrobial preservative in ophthalmic solutions, nasal sprays, and cosmetics. However, a large number of clinical and experimental investigations showed that the topical administration of BAC-containing eye drops could cause a variety of ocular surface changes, from ocular discomfort to potential risk for future glaucoma surgery. BAC-containing albuterol may increase the risk of albuterol-related systemic adverse effects. BAC, commonly present in personal care products, in cosmetic products can induce irritation and dose-dependent changes in the cell morphology. The cationic nature of BAC (it is a quaternary ammonium) suggests that one of the major targets of BAC in the cell may be mitochondria, the only intracellular compartment charged negatively. However, the influence of BAC on mitochondria has not been clearly understood. Here, the effects of BAC on energy parameters of rat liver mitochondria as well as on yeast cells were examined. BAC, being a "weaker" uncoupler, potently inhibited respiration in state 3, diminished the mitochondrial membrane potential, caused opening of the Ca2+/Pi-dependent pore, blocked ATP synthesis, and promoted H 2 O 2 production by mitochondria. BAC triggered oxidative stress and mitochondrial fragmentation in yeast cells. BAC-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria and yeast cells was almost totally prevented by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1; the protective effect of SkQ1 on mitochondrial fragmentation was only partial. Collectively, these data showed that BAC acts adversely on cell bioenergetics (especially on ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dynamics and that its prooxidant effect can be partially prevented by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1.

show abstract

“…It is regularly challenged by the environment (e.g., low humidity, wind exposure, pollutants) as well as disease. Chronic use of topical eyedrops causes ocular surface alterations [2]. Many clinical manifestations associated with low-grade chronic inflammation have been described in patients using anti-glaucoma treatments [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%