Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

Popov, V. V.; Лобанов, М. Л.; Stepanov, S. I.; Qi, Yuanshen; Muller‐Kamskii, Gary; Попова, Е. Н.; Katz‐Demyanetz, Alexander; Попов, А. А.

doi:10.3390/ma14164473

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The EBSD phase identification analysis reveals that the microstructure of the EBM sample along the build direction is composed of ~99% α-phase and ~1% β-phase (Table S1, Supplementary file). This is in good agreement with recent reports on ~1% βphase in EMB-fabricated Ti6Al4V alloy, based on EBSD analysis [53,57].…”

Section: Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, it can be seen that the β-phase grains in the EBM sample exhibit a fine precipitate-like morphology. This is in good agreement with a recent study that investigated the phase evolution of Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated using the EBM process [57]. The EBSD phase identification analysis reveals that the microstructure of the EBM sample along the build direction is composed of ~99% α-phase and ~1% β-phase (Table S1, Supplementary file).…”

Section: Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Additively manufactured (AM) materials and hot rolled materials are typically orthotropic, and exhibit anisotropic elastic properties. This paper elucidates the anisotropic elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) of Ti6Al4V alloy in four different conditions: three AM (by selective laser melting, SLM, electron beam melting, EBM, and directed energy deposition, DED, processes) and one wrought alloy (for comparison). A specially designed polygon sample allowed measurement of 12 sound wave velocities (SWVs), employing the dynamic pulse-echo ultrasonic technique. In conjunction with the measured density values, these SWVs enabled deriving of the tensor of elastic constants (Cij) and the three-dimensional (3D) Young’s moduli maps. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and micro-computed tomography (μCT) were employed to characterize the grain size and orientation as well as porosity and other defects which could explain the difference in the measured elastic constants of the four materials. All three types of AM materials showed only minor anisotropy. The wrought (hot rolled) alloy exhibited the highest density, virtually pore-free μCT images, and the highest ultrasonic anisotropy and polarity behavior. EBSD analysis revealed that a thin β-phase layer that formed along the elongated grain boundaries caused the ultrasonic polarity behavior. The finding that the elastic properties depend on the manufacturing process and on the angle relative to either the rolling direction or the AM build direction should be taken into account in the design of products. The data reported herein is valuable for materials selection and finite element analyses in mechanical design. The pulse-echo measurement procedure employed in this study may be further adapted and used for quality control of AM materials and parts.

show abstract

Section: Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Microstructure Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The method is open to different possible extensions and improvements, in terms of both image processing algorithms and image acquisition equipment, including the use of ad hoc illumination sources or a selective use of the radiation spectrum to enhance the characterization of the powder bed surface. As a future development, powder bed monitoring in EBM can be further extended by exploiting different sensing methods to detect and characterize other phenomena of interest, such as surface powder oxidation [33,34], which is currently not feasible with the proposed approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Monitoring of Powder Bed Fusion Homogeneity in Electron Beam Melting

Grasso

2021

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing attention has been devoted in recent years to in situ sensing and monitoring of the electron beam melting process, ranging from seminal methods based on infrared imaging to novel methods based on backscattered electron detection. However, the range of available in situ monitoring capabilities and solutions is still quite limited compared to the wide number of studies and industrial toolkits in laser-based additive manufacturing processes. Some methods that are already industrially available in laser powder bed fusion systems, such as in situ detection of recoating errors, have not yet been investigated and tested in electron beam melting. Motivated by the attempt to fill this gap, we present a novel in situ monitoring methodology that can be easily implemented in industrial electron beam melting machines. The method is aimed at identifying local inhomogeneity and irregularities in the powder bed by means of layerwise image acquisition and processing, with no external illumination source apart from the light emitted by the hot material underneath the currently recoated layer. The results show that the proposed approach is suitable to detect powder bed anomalies, while also highlighting the link between the severity of in situ detected errors and the severity of resulting defects in the additively manufactured part.

show abstract

“…This is due to the penetration of digital technologies into everyday life and the development of alternative energy and electrical vehicles [ 115 ]. Modern industrial development cannot proceed without efficient re-use and recycling procedures [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ]. …”

Section: Ingredients Of An Industry 40 Healthcare Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern industrial development cannot proceed without efficient re-use and recycling procedures [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Ingredients Of An Industry 40 Healthcare Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry 4.0 and Digitalisation in Healthcare

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Industry 4.0 in healthcare involves use of a wide range of modern technologies including digitisation, artificial intelligence, user response data (ergonomics), human psychology, the Internet of Things, machine learning, big data mining, and augmented reality to name a few. The healthcare industry is undergoing a paradigm shift thanks to Industry 4.0, which provides better user comfort through proactive intervention in early detection and treatment of various diseases. The sector is now ready to make its next move towards Industry 5.0, but certain aspects that motivated this review paper need further consideration. As a fruitful outcome of this review, we surveyed modern trends in this arena of research and summarised the intricacies of new features to guide and prepare the sector for an Industry 5.0-ready healthcare system.

show abstract

Texturing and Phase Evolution in Ti-6Al-4V: Effect of Electron Beam Melting Process, Powder Re-Using, and HIP Treatment

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

Measurement of the Anisotropic Dynamic Elastic Constants of Additive Manufactured and Wrought Ti6Al4V Alloys

In Situ Monitoring of Powder Bed Fusion Homogeneity in Electron Beam Melting

Industry 4.0 and Digitalisation in Healthcare

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About