Textured ceramic membranes for desilting and deoiling of produced water in the Permian Basin

Tunnel-Structured ζ-V2O5 as a Redox-Active Insertion Host for Hybrid Capacitive Deionization

“…In an attempt to evidence the real-world potential of a ζ-V 2 O 5 positive electrode material for desalination and selective ion sequestration in an HCDI configuration, FPW samples from a hydraulic fracturing operation located in the Southern Permian Basin in West Texas were flowed through the flow cell configuration depicted in Figure after being filtered for residual oil and dissolved solids using a novel CSA/glass-bead-coated stainless steel mesh membrane . The resulting aqueous solution has an extremely high salt content, which necessitates dilution of the sample to 10% of its initial concentration prior to desalination.…”

“…% solution of FPW from a hydraulic fracturing operation in West Texas. The water was first filtered to remove residual oil and dissolved solids using a CSA/glass-bead/stainless-steel-mesh-based membrane and then flowed at a constant flow rate of 20 mL/min . The cell was cycled at 1.2 V for 2 h, and then, the potential was reversed to −1.2 V. The cell was cycled a total of 40 times.…”

“…An additional experiment involved an FPW sample acquired from West Texas. The sample was recovered from well 9 (as referenced in our previous work) from Southern Midland in the Permian Basin of West Texas . Access to FPW was enabled by University Lands, which maintains stewardship of the reservoir.…”

“…Access to FPW was enabled by University Lands, which maintains stewardship of the reservoir. The sample was filtered using a composite calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA)/glass-bead-coated stainless steel mesh membrane; deoiling and desilting were enabled by the orthogonal wettability imbued by ettringite needles formed in situ on the steel meshes upon hydration of CSA . The membrane was incorporated within a MemXcell (model: MX-1-SS, Molecule Works Inc.) stainless-steel filtration cell.…”

“…40 × 10 9 barrels and 4 × 10 9 barrels, respectively, between the years 2005 and 2015 . Owing to the high salinity of FPW and the complexity imbued by the presence of enhanced oil recovery additives, recovery and reuse of FPW are challenging, whereas reinjection into aquifers is subject to increasingly stringent regulations . In contrast to traditional electrochemical desalination, which relies almost entirely on non-specific capacitive processes, hybrid capacitive desalination stores ions on surfaces through Faradaic pseudocapacitive processes and within the interior volumes of materials through redox reactions akin to those of positive electrode materials of Li-ion batteries. − Selectivity in ion extraction is engendered based on differences in insertion potentials, bulk diffusion coefficients, and interstitial site preferences of different ions.…”