Texture evolution during high strain-rate compressive loading of maraging steels produced by laser powder bed fusion

Dehgahi, Shirin; Pirgazi, Hadi; Sanjari, Mehdi; Alaghmandfard, Reza; Tallon, J.; Odeshi, A.G.; Kestens, Léo; Mohammadi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111266

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As can be deduced from Table 4 and Figure 10 a, the highest KAM value of 1.12° shows a specimen compressed at 900 °C and a moderate strain rate of 0.1 s −1 with no evidence of dynamic recrystallization. This indicates the presence of a network of accumulated dislocations and confirms the dislocation slip activities [ 31 , 32 ]. It is also worth noting that KAM evolves inhomogeneously in this sample.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel

et al. 2023

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In this article, hot compression tests on the additively produced 18Ni-300 maraging steel 18Ni-300 were carried out on the Gleeble thermomechanical simulator in a wide temperature range (900–1200 °C) and at strain rates of 0.001 10 s−1. The samples were microstructurally analysed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). This showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was predominant in the samples tested at high strain rates and high deformation temperatures. In contrast, dynamic recovery (DRV) dominated at lower deformation temperatures and strain rates. Subsequently, the material constants were evaluated in a constitutive relationship using the experimental flow stress data. The results confirmed that the specimens are well hot workable and, compared with the literature data, have similar activation energy for hot working as the conventionally fabricated specimens. The findings presented in this research article can be used to develop novel hybrid postprocessing technologies that enable single-stage net shape forging/forming of AM maraging steel parts at reduced forming forces and with improved density and mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel

et al. 2023

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“…As can be inferred from figures 15(a)-(c), the specimen with the highest KAM value is shown in red, indicating a compression at 900 °C with a small amount of DRX, as shown in blue. This illustrates an accumulation network of dislocations, confirming the occurrence of dislocation slip activities [61,62]. The KAM value of the specimen deformed at temperatures below 1100 °C-1200 °C is low, implying that the high deformation temperature causes a relaxation of stored deformation energy.…”

Section: The Impact Of Strain Rate On Drx Behavioursupporting

confidence: 63%

Microstructure evolution and constitutive analysis of nuclear grade AISI-316H austenitic stainless steel during thermal deformation

Huang,

Pang,

Guan

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Compression experiments were performed on AISI-316H austenitic stainless steel using Gleeble-3800 at temperatures ranging from 900°C and 1200°C and strain rates ranging from 0.01 and 10 s-1, up to the actual strain of 0.69. The tests aimed to examine the material's microstructure evolution and flow stress behavior. Based on OM and EBSD studies, it was found that thermal deformation mostly induces discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The proportion of recrystallization nucleation increases steadily with increasing deformation temperature, while the impact of strain rate on recrystallization is complex. At the same deformation temperature, the recrystallization volume fraction initially declines and rises as the strain rate rises. In low strain rate regime, the longer (deformation) time available for grain boundary migration, the higher recrystallization volume fraction. In high strain rate regime, the higher stored energy (and thus the increased boundary velocity) raises the probability of nucleation events, stimulating twin formation. As a result, the twin promotes a dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process. An abundance of Σ3 twins was notably observed in uniformly refined recrystallized grains at a true strain of 0.69, at a temperature of 1200°C, and a strain rate of 10 s-1. As a result, it was discovered that DRX occurs at higher strain rates and deformation temperatures. In addition, the flow stress curves were modified to account for adiabatic heating at strain rates exceeding 1 s-1. The findings demonstrated that adiabatic heating increased when strain level and strain rate increased and deformationm temperature decreased. The strain compensation Arrhenius model is developed following the given stress-strain curve while considering strain. The model exhibits high accuracy, with a correlation value of 0.986. According to a kinetic study, the average activation energy for hot deformation of the tested steel was 444.994 kJ/mol. These findings provide fundamental insights into the microstructure control technology and the outstanding mechanical properties of the austenitic stainless steel AISI-316H.

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“…In their study, the hybrid material was produced using LPBF and subjected to ST at 815 • C, followed by a 982 • C preheating for 1 h before aging at 490 • C for 6 h, based on the manufacturer's specifications. This heat treatment procedure resulted in a peak strength of approximately 1700 GPa, owing to Orowan loop strengthening with the help of Co and Mo precipitates and the grain refining effect of Ti [91,92]. Non-conventional heat treatment protocols have also been adopted [47,55], whereby direct aging is used to avoid the loss of strength in a peak-aged hybrid base.…”

Section: Microstructural Characteristics Mechanical Behavior and Prop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

Nyamuchiwa,

Palad,

Panlican

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an advanced technology that has been primarily driven by the demand for production efficiency, minimized energy consumption, and reduced carbon footprints. This process involves layer-by-layer material deposition based on a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model. Compared to traditional manufacturing methods, AM has enabled the development of complex and topologically functional geometries for various service parts in record time. However, there are limitations to mass production, the building rate, the build size, and the surface quality when using metal additive manufacturing. To overcome these limitations, the combination of additive manufacturing with traditional techniques such as milling and casting holds the potential to provide novel manufacturing solutions, enabling mass production, improved geometrical features, enhanced accuracy, and damage repair through net-shape construction. This amalgamation is commonly referred to as hybrid manufacturing or multi-material additive manufacturing. This review paper aimed to explore the processes and complexities in hybrid materials, joining techniques, with a focus on maraging steels. The discussion is based on existing literature and focuses on three distinct joining methods: direct joining, gradient path joining, and intermediate section joining. Additionally, current challenges for the development of the ideal heat treatment for hybrid metals are discussed, and future prospects of hybrid additive manufacturing are also covered.

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Texture evolution during high strain-rate compressive loading of maraging steels produced by laser powder bed fusion

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel

Microstructure evolution and constitutive analysis of nuclear grade AISI-316H austenitic stainless steel during thermal deformation

Recent Progress in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of Metallic Materials

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