“…Across studies, visually demanding mobile technology tasks (texting) diverted drivers' attention from the forward roadway (Farmer, Klauer, McClafferty, & Guo, 2015a;Foss & Goodwin, 2014;Greenberg et al, 2003;Hosking, Young, & Regan, 2009;Kingery et al, 2015;Neale, Dingus, Klauer, Sudweeks, & Goodman, 2005;Wikman et al, 1998). The effect of texting on response time produced mixed results, with several studies suggesting it significantly slowed driver response (Drews, Yazdani, Godfrey, Cooper, & Strayer, 2009;He, Choi, McCarley, Chaparro, & Wang, 2015;Sawyer, Finomore, Calvo, & Hancock, 2014;Simons-Morton et al, 2015) and one reporting no effect (Hosking et al, 2009). Sending text messages led to more lane position variability and more lane excursions (Hosking et al, 2009), behaviors, which were mediated by extended eye glances off the road (Kingery et al, 2015).…”