Texting everywhere for everything: Gender and age differences in cell phone etiquette and use

Factors Predicting Observed Cellphone Use in a Midwestern USA University Campus Area

“…This finding provides evidence of the interference between virtual and non-virtual forms of socialization. Many adults consider using cellphones while interacting with companions inappropriate (Forgays et al, 2014), as virtual conversations interfere with live conversations (Rainie & Zickuhr, 2015). Previous observational research indicated that individuals were more likely to use their cellphones after their social companions used their own cellphones (Finkel & Kruger, 2012), and that individuals waiting in lines were less likely to start using their cellphones when engaged in a live conversation .…”

“…We expected that a substantial proportion of individuals would be observed using their phones, enabling the prediction of phone use based on contextual factors. We predicted that individuals would be less likely to be observed using their phones when they were engaged in live conversations (H1), due to the interference between virtual and non-virtual socialization (Forgays et al, 2014;Rainie & Zickuhr, 2015;Roberts & David, 2016). Based on previous literature (e.g., Finkel & Kruger, 2012;Forgays, Hyman, & Schreiber, 2014;, we predicted that women would have a greater tendency to use cellphones than men (H2).…”

“…We predicted that individuals would be less likely to be observed using their phones when they were engaged in live conversations (H1), due to the interference between virtual and non-virtual socialization (Forgays et al, 2014;Rainie & Zickuhr, 2015;Roberts & David, 2016). Based on previous literature (e.g., Finkel & Kruger, 2012;Forgays, Hyman, & Schreiber, 2014;, we predicted that women would have a greater tendency to use cellphones than men (H2). Based on previous literature indicating that younger adults engage in more excessive smartphone use than older adults (e.g., Demirci et al, 2015;van Deursen et al, 2015), we predicted that undergraduate aged individuals (appearing to be 18-25 years old) would have a greater tendency to use cellphones than adults appearing older than 26 years old (H3).…”

“…Young adults consider using cellphones while conversing in person to be only moderately appropriate, and older adults view this practice even less favorably (Forgays et al, 2014). People widely agree that using cellphones in social settings interferences with live conversations (Rainie & Zickuhr, 2015).…”

Effect of Information and Communication Technology-induced Multitasking on Academic Performance of University Students in Uganda

“…Furthermore, people who are hyperconnected generally report that they do not have problems attending to everyday tasks and inter-personal relationships [44]. It may be a question of changing nature of norms, traditionally people were expected to give and receive undivided attention when talking in face-to-face conversation with another, yet new norms are being developed for the networked society, such as responding to text messages promptly [45,69].…”