Textile Printing

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Introduction 3. Textile Printing Technology 3.1. Classification 3.2. Preparation of a Master Pattern for the Printing Form 3.3. Relief Printing 3.4. Gravure Printing 3.4.1. Roller Printing 3.4.2. Screen Printing (Stencil Printing) 3.4.3. Economic Developments in Gravure Printing 3.5. Transfer Printing 3.5.1. Wet‐Transfer Printing 3.5.2. Heat‐Transfer Printing 3.6. Special Printing Methods 3.6.1. Carpet Printing 3.6.2. Other Processes 3.7. Two‐Phase Printing 3.8. Drying 3.9. Steaming and Other Fixation Processes 3.10. Washing Operations 4. Thickening Agents and Thickeners in Textile Printing 4.1. Introduction 4.1.1. Purpose and Effect of a Thickener 4.1.2. Demands Imposed upon Thickening Agents and Thickeners 4.2. Types of Thickening Agents 4.2.1. Emulsions 4.2.2. Nonionic Unmodified Polysaccharides 4.2.3. Nonionic Modified Polysaccharides 4.2.4. Anionic Polysaccharides 4.2.5. Cationic Polysaccharides 4.2.6. Synthetic Polymeric Thickening Agents 5. Printing on Cellulose 5.1. Pretreatment 5.2. Printing Methods: Classification and Significance 5.3. Substantive (Direct) and Acid Dyes 5.4. Cationic and Mordant Dyes 5.5. Vat Dyes 5.5.1. All‐In (Sulfoxylate) Printing Processes 5.5.2. Two‐Phase Printing Processes 5.5.3. Discharge Printing Processes 5.5.4. Resist Printing Processes 5.6. Sulfur Dyes 5.7. Leuco Esters of Vat Dyes 5.8. Azoic Dyes Produced by Coupling 5.9. Phthalocyanine Developing Dyes 5.10. Reactive Dyes 5.10.1. Introduction 5.10.2. Reaction Mechanism 5.10.3. Important Reactive Dyes 5.10.4. Pretreatment of the Fabric 5.10.5. Printing Pastes 5.10.6. Fixation (One‐Phase Method) 5.10.7. Two‐Phase Application 5.10.8. Washing of the Prints 5.10.9. Fastness 5.10.10. Special Printing Processes 6. Printing on Synthetic Fibers 6.1. 2,5‐Acetate 6.2. Triacetate 6.3. Polyamide 6.3.1. Pretreatment 6.3.2. Printing Processes 6.3.3. Dyes and Printing Pastes 6.3.4. Fixation 6.3.5. Aftertreatment 6.3.6. Discharges and Resists 6.3.7. Reactive Dyes 6.3.8. Polyamide Blends 6.4. Polyacrylonitrile 6.4.1. Pretreatment 6.4.2. Printing Processes 6.4.3. Dyes and Printing Pastes 6.4.4. Fixation 6.4.5. Aftertreatment 6.4.6. Discharges and Resists 6.4.7. Other Classes of Dyes 6.4.8. Blends with Other Fibers 6.5. Polyester 6.5.1. Pretreatment 6.5.2. Printing Processes 6.5.3. Dyes and Printing Pastes 6.5.4. Fixation 6.5.5. Aftertreatment 6.5.6. Discharges and Resists 6.5.7. Direct Printing on Polyesters with an Affinity for Basic Dyes 6.5.8. Blends of Polyester with Other Fibers 6.6. Other Synthetics 7. Printing on Protein Fibers 7.1. Pretreatment 7.2. Direct Printing 7.2.1. Printing with Acid Dyes 7.2.2. Printing with Metal‐Complex Dyes 7.2.3. Printing with Reactive Dyes 7.2.4. Printing with Chrome Dyes 7.3. Discharge Printing 7.4. Printing on Blends Containing Protein Fibers </j

Status and Development of Transfer Printing in Textiles—A Review

“…27 Hitherto, this innovation only applied to enamel or ceramic substrates, but is now applicable to textiles. The substrate used in transfer printing may be in different forms, size, and composition (e.g., textiles, 28–30 ceramics, 27 and metals 31 ). The method of transfer printing used depends on the substrate.…”

“…Transfer printing falls into four categories 39 namely, sublimation, 14 film release, 16 wet transfer, and melt transfer. 16,30,37…”