Textile Electrodes in ECG Measurement

Design and development of embroidered textile electrodes for continuous measurement of electrocardiogram signals

“…From the results, it is confirmed that laundering process does not affect the performance but only enhances the performance. It is in line with the findings of Pola et al [8]. However, the enhancement in the performance may be due to the closing of threads in the embroidery structure due to washing and also some structural changes in the base fabric.…”

“…The reason for the good results is that the conductive yarn is on the surface of the electrode and hence it has a good contact with the skin. Pola et al [8] have compared four structurally different textile electrodes in ECG measurement (three of them industrially manufactured electrodes and one hand made by embroidering conductive yarn on the fabric) and they have obtained very good results with embroidered electrode for dry skin.…”

“…Their findings demonstrate that the woven structure has less strain properties and is more uniform than knit structure. Pola et al reported that the textile electrodes are well suited for measuring ECG and the best results were achieved with the embroidered electrodes, which have a large contact area with the skin [8]. Mankodiya et al studied the comparison of textile electrode with the conventional electrode in terms of their ability to perform long-term recording and reported that the textile electrode shows a promising outcome as it exhibited low skin electrode impedance and a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) for long-term monitoring [5].…”

Signal processing technologies for activity-aware smart textiles

“…Textile electrodes (Pola, 2007), dry electrodes (Lamparth, 2009;Bulling, 2009) combinations of accelerometers, gyroscopes or magnetometers can in some cases be substituted for each other . Sensorized textile fi bers allow for truly unobtrusive garment-integrated onbody sensing.…”

Fully Textile, PEDOT:PSS Based Electrodes for Wearable ECG Monitoring Systems

“…Moreover, gel drying causes increased impedance, which in turn means more noise and artifacts [15]. Dry textile electrodes can overcome these problems, with the drawback of a higher contact impedance [16], due to the material but also to the irregular electrode surface [17]. Most dry textile electrodes reported in the recent literature exhibit high skin contact impedance, which either limits their use when very small signals must be recorded [12] or poses doubts about the achievable signal quality [18] [19], even though some examples of clinically acceptable results have been recently provided [8].…”