Text‐based interactivity in candidate campaign web sites: A case study from the 2002 elections

Endres, Danielle; Warnick, Barbara

doi:10.1080/10570310409374804

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In our study's context of Instagram, we conceptualized interactivity as defined in Endres and Warnick's text-based interactivity, which mostly concerns itself with non-reciprocal forms of interaction [20], and included the presence of replies to followers,. Text-based interactivity makes use of stylistic devices such as first-person address, the use of active or passive voice, and in-situ photos of the media figure, etc.…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to achieve a high level of interactivity [21]. To achieve text-based interactivity in one's communication, the audience should get a sense of the voice of the communicator [20], as though the politician is in an actual two-way dialogue with his audience. Endres and Warnick state that the use of first person address and an active voice is important to convey the "personal presence" of a politician (p335) [20].…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve text-based interactivity in one's communication, the audience should get a sense of the voice of the communicator [20], as though the politician is in an actual two-way dialogue with his audience. Endres and Warnick state that the use of first person address and an active voice is important to convey the "personal presence" of a politician (p335) [20]. Non-reciprocal interactivity is similar to what was identified by Horton and Wohl in their theory of parasocial interactivity, which has been termed as "intimacy at a distance" (p 215) [21].…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Politician's Strategic Impression Management on Instagram

Jung

Tay²,

Hong³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Politician's Strategic Impression Management on Instagram

Jung

Tay²,

Hong³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2017)

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“…The ability for moderately computersavvy individuals to create content, to comment on the content created by others, and to converse with individuals in both asynchronous and real-time forums is arguably the most distinctive and revolutionary characteristic of the Internet as a communication medium. Interactivity is heavily cited as one of the most promising aspects of the Internet in promoting democratic society (McMillan & Hwang, 2002;Stromer-Galley & Foot, 2002;Stromer-Galley, 2004;Sundar et al, 2003;Endres & Warnick, 2004;Warnick et al, 2005;Stromer-Galley & Baker, 2006;Heeter, 1989), in part because it allows for both horizontal communication between citizens and vertical communication between citizens and elites (Hacker, 1996). Interactivity online has been variously characterized, with definitions that span to include interaction with the technology itself, interaction with other people, and interaction as existing in the perceptions of the users.…”

Section: Interactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Discussion Online

Stromer‐Galley

Wichowski

2011

The Handbook of Internet Studies

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In 2002, soon after the US and its allies went to war in Iraq, Nicholas Thompson wrote an opinion column for the Boston Globe on the then current state of online political conversation. The headline of Thompson's article spoke volumes about his opinion of online talk: "Freedom to Flame. Online Political Chat is an Insult to Democracy." He argued that online political conversation is "sophomoric," ranting, full of insults, and "an insult to democracy."Thompson's views likely resonate with many who have spent time engaged in online discussions of a political, social, or policy issue. In the US, as in Europe, it is a common view that online talk is far from the ideals of what political conversation should be. Instead of carefully thought out and reasonably argued positions, we see hastily written, irrational, or poorly argued posts. Instead of a willingness to hear the other side, we see a willingness to attack the other side.Why then do academics bother studying online political conversation? In the early days of Internet studies, as the Internet was diffusing, there was great optimism about what this new communication technology could offer. Specifically, the channel characteristics of the Internet -the ability to bridge vast distances, to connect diverse people together, to bring together the like-minded, and to do so quickly and relatively easy -seemed to promise a new means for people to hash through the tough problems facing communities, nation-states, and the globe.The reality, as is usually the case, is starkly different from the hope and the hype. Several studies have been conducted over the years, including some from the first author of this chapter, to help paint a picture of who spends time talking politics online, why they do it, and whether or not such conversations are any good for those who participate and for their societies. The studies provide a complex portrait of people, motives, and quality of conversation. Sometimes it looks exactly as Thompson described in his editorial piece. Sometimes, though, it is better.This chapter details that research and its significance. Before that, however, it is necessary to step back and consider why scholars should even contemplate online political conversation in the first place, and, specifically, why political talk The Handbook of Internet Studies Edited by Mia Consalvo and Charles Ess

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“…Researchers have revealed a strong positive correlation between perceived interactivity and readers' involvement and attitude toward newspaper websites (McMillan, Hwang, & Lee, 2003). Marked by the degree to which users control content, interactivity is revealed to be more conversational, promoting immediacy, personal presence and multi-vocality (Endres & Warnick, 2004;Peng, Tham, & Xiaoming, 1999;Stromer-Galley, 2004). In j-blogs, because readers can respond to postings by j-bloggers and comments from other readers, they are able to be active participants instead of passive readers.…”

Section: Interactivity and The Use Of Hyperlinks And Multimediamentioning

confidence: 99%

New scheme of communication: an exploratory study of interactivity and multimedia use in Chinese j-blogs and the implications

Gao

Martin-Kratzer

2011

Asian Journal of Communication

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This study examines the use of new technologies such as hyperlinks and multimedia features in Chinese journalists' blogs on newspaper websites, exploring the interactivity between readers and j-bloggers through readers' comments and j-bloggers' responses. The study shows that there is a positive correlation between the use of hyperlinks, videos and pictures with reader comments, indicating that the use of these features sparks a better dialogue with readers. The shift in the model of communication between journalists and readers through j-blogs in China changes the traditional concept of gatekeeping, providing broader implications for the flow of free information in China's controlled media environment.

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Text‐based interactivity in candidate campaign web sites: A case study from the 2002 elections

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Politician's Strategic Impression Management on Instagram

Politician's Strategic Impression Management on Instagram

Political Discussion Online

New scheme of communication: an exploratory study of interactivity and multimedia use in Chinese j-blogs and the implications

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