Text and Data Mining: Articles 3 and 4 of the Directive 2019/790/Eu

Text and data mining exceptions in the development of generative AI models: What the EU member states could learn from the Japanese “nonenjoyment” purposes?

“…46 Given that certain uses in TDM may not be subject to copyright laws, GenAI models researchers and developers may not need to worry about any copyright and related rights issues. 47 As it has been argued by Geiger, Frosio and Bulayenko: 48 this activity [TDM] is outside the scope of exclusive rights and that any restriction would amount to undermine the underlying rationales of copyright protection and result in an inadmissible restriction of freedom of expression and information as protected by e.g. the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.…”

“…Second, the Directive focuses on harmonizing the legislation of the Member States through a mandatory solution, in which a unified framework for TDM activities under the EU CDSM Directive will accelerate innovation by encouraging EU-wide, coordinated, bigger research programs. 72 However, the new reform continues to have negative consequences. 73 This section will include notable scholars' remarks, responses, and criticisms.…”

“…82 Higher prices, TDM fees, and the availability of the resource for licensing may result in lower quality and/or quantity of TDM. 83 To summarize, the new TDM exceptions regime has severe flaws: as Quintais points out, the scope of the articles is too narrow and "this regime will probably not lead to simplification and harmonization of the system of exceptions in EU copyright law, as it continues to allow significant cherry-picking by the Member States." 84 The Article's emphasis on "reproduction and extraction" has been seen as potentially problematic for communicating TDM outcomes, especially for GenAI models that work with Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as ChatGPT-4, which is trained on a variety of copyright-protected data sets (i.e., texts) and potentially involves reproduction in part, those models cannot be distributed or communicated publicly since reproducing a work, as little as 11 consecutive words, could be protected by copyright.…”

Minería de textos y datos e Inteligencia Artificial: nuevas excepciones al derecho de autor

“…3 Vease Flynn et al (2020); también, Flynn et al (2021). En Europa ver Geiger et al(2018a); Hugenholtz (2019); Quintais (2020); para TDM en los Estados Unidos ver Sag (2019); Sag (2009); Carroll (2019); ver en forma general Okediji (2017); Litman (1994).…”

“…323-343. e-ISSN: riales a los que se accede legalmente. Finalmente, las disposiciones contractuales creadas por los titulares de derechos no pueden anular los usos no comerciales garantizados en el artículo(Geiger et al, 2018a). Sin embargo, las dos excepciones no son igualmente sólidas, ya que el uso comercial del artículo 4 puede estar restringido por acuerdos privados(Hugenholtz, 2019), como veremos en la sección siguiente.…”