Texas Tech field experiments of wind loads. Part 1: Building and pressure measuring system

Levitan, Marc L.; Mehta, Kishor C.

doi:10.1016/0167-6105(92)90569-v

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Tieleman [11] made model/full scale comparisons of the mean and fluctuating pressures on surface-mounted prisms placed in a variety of turbulent boundary layers to evaluate the effect of the small spires placed directly upstream of the model location on pressure coefficients in comparison with the conventional spire-roughness simulation method. Tieleman [12] showed measurements on the full-scale Texas Tech University experimental building [13,14] and Colorado State University and University of Western Ontario wind tunnel models of that building. Wind tunnel measurements were seen to be acceptable for the wall pressures but quite inadequate for the roof corner.…”

Section: Low-rise Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Scale/Model Test Comparisons to Validate the Traditional ABL Wind Tunnel Simulation Technique: A Literature Review

Dong¹,

Peng²,

Zhao³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:Full-scale/model test comparison studies to validate the traditional atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel simulation technique are reviewed. According to the literature review, notable discrepancies between full-scale measurement results and model test results were observed by most performed comparison studies, but the causes of the observed discrepancies were not revealed in a scientific way by those studies. In this regard, a new research scheme for future full-scale/model test comparison studies is proposed in this article, which utilizes the multiple-fan actively controlled wind tunnel simulation technique. With the new research scheme, future full-scale/model test comparison studies are expected to reasonably disclose the main problems with the traditional ABL wind tunnel simulation technique, and the technique can be improved correspondingly.Keywords: comparison study; full-scale measurement; wind tunnel model test; multiple-fan actively controlled wind tunnel; research scheme IntroductionAs a mature technique applied in aviation industry, the wind tunnel model test was introduced into the field of wind-engineering research and design in 1960s. After Jensen [1] proposed that the flow field simulated in the wind tunnel should be similar to the actual atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow field for wind-engineering model tests, simulating ABL has become an indispensable test procedure. To fulfill the task of simulating realistic ABL turbulent flow fields in the wind tunnel, passive simulation devices, including spires, roughness elements, grids and barriers, can jointly be used. It has been found that the target flow fields can be obtained by adjusting the position and the number of some devices placed in the beginning of the wind tunnel [2,3]. During the past 50 years, most scientific researches and engineering practices made by the wind-engineering community utilized the traditional ABL wind tunnel simulation technique. With this technique, theoretical achievements were made, and numerous engineering structures' safety against extreme wind events was ensured.

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Section: Low-rise Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Scale/Model Test Comparisons to Validate the Traditional ABL Wind Tunnel Simulation Technique: A Literature Review

Dong¹,

Peng²,

Zhao³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…This experimental building could be controlled by a rigid frame undercarriage and the angle of attack could be adjusted according to the natural wind direction. The field facility also includes a m 49 tall meteorological tower which measures the wind speed at different heights on the building site (Levitan, 1992). The comparison of wind-tunnel results with full-scale measurements indicated that most of the mean pressure coefficients were in good agreement but the peak and root-mean-square pressure coefficients were different than those obtained from wind tunnel results.…”

Section: Texas Tech University Wind Engineering Research Field Laboramentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Wind tunnel facilities have provided a wealth of data on the nature of wind loads for a wide range of structures. Effective studies of wind effects on full-scale buildings have been limited (Levitan and Mehta, 1992). Frequently, instrumentation, power sources, and recording devices fail in severe windstorms, leaving large uncertainties on the response.…”

Section: Full-scale Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Architectural Features of Air-Permeable Roof Cladding Materials on Wind-Induced Uplift Loading

Li¹

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Widespread damage to roofing materials (such as tiles and shingles) for low-rise buildings, even for weaker hurricanes, has raised concerns regarding design load provisions and construction practices. Currently the building codes used for designing low-rise building roofs are mainly based on testing results from building models which generally do not simulate the architectural features of roofing materials that may significantly influence the wind-induced pressures. Full-scale experimentation was conducted under high winds to investigate the effects of architectural details of high profile roof tiles and asphalt shingles on net pressures that are often responsible for damage to these roofing materials. Effects on the vulnerability of roofing materials were also studied. Different roof models with bare, tiled, and shingled roof decks were tested.Pressures acting on both top and bottom surfaces of the roofing materials were measured to understand their effects on the net uplift loading. The area-averaged peak pressure coefficients obtained from bare, tiled, and shingled roof decks were compared. In addition, a set of wind tunnel tests on a tiled roof deck model were conducted to verify the effects of tiles' cavity internal pressure. Both the full-scale and the wind tunnel test vii results showed that underside pressure of a roof tile could either aggravate or alleviate wind uplift on the tile based on its orientation on the roof with respect to the wind angle of attack. For shingles, the underside pressure could aggravate wind uplift if the shingle is located near the center of the roof deck. Bare deck modeling to estimate design wind uplift on shingled decks may be acceptable for most locations but not for field locations; it could underestimate the uplift on shingles by 30-60%. In addition, some initial quantification of the effects of roofing materials on wind uplift was performed by studying the wind uplift load ratio for tiled versus bare deck and shingled versus bare deck. Vulnerability curves, with and without considering the effects of tiles' cavity internal pressure, showed significant differences. Aerodynamic load provisions for lowrise buildings' roofs and their vulnerability can thus be more accurately evaluated by considering the effects of the roofing materials.

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“…Residential structures, the subject of the present study, also fall into the category of "bluff bodies" characterized by sharp corners at roofs and walls that causes strong wind flow separation resulting in high suctions (uplift). The severity of vortex-induced uplift observed on roofs for example is well documented by the following researchers (Stathopoulos 1987, Stathopoulos et al 1990, Kramer and Gerhardt 1989, Gerhardt and Kramer 1992, Mehta and Levitan 1992, Cochran and Cermak 1992, Cochran et. al.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Once these tests were completed, the weather block was applied and the tests were repeated to assess the effect of the weather blocking (referred hereafter as configuration 2). Both Configurations 1 and 2 were tested using the Wall of Wind as shown in Fig 21. For some test cases, the 50° angle of attack was added based on the recommendation of Levitan et al (1991) and Mehta et al (1992) to be the most critical angle resulting in the highest uplift pressures for the eaves, hip and ridge regions of the roof.…”

Section: Experimental Test Cases and Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Pressure Evaluation for Field and Ridge Tiles

Lekem¹,

Alain²

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Texas Tech field experiments of wind loads. Part 1: Building and pressure measuring system

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Full-Scale/Model Test Comparisons to Validate the Traditional ABL Wind Tunnel Simulation Technique: A Literature Review

Full-Scale/Model Test Comparisons to Validate the Traditional ABL Wind Tunnel Simulation Technique: A Literature Review

Effects of Architectural Features of Air-Permeable Roof Cladding Materials on Wind-Induced Uplift Loading

Wind Pressure Evaluation for Field and Ridge Tiles

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